Assess Kant's Ethics Of Duty And Freedom As A Response To All Previous Essay

Assess Kant's Ethics Of Duty And Freedom As A Response To All Previous Ethical Theories - Essay Example According to the Kantian ethics, people have the duty to act in certain ways even if it does not produce the best results. â€Å"The ethics of duty is rooted in Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative ‘Act only on that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law,’ which in turn is rooted in the belief that humans are rational beings capable of self-determination and self-governance. Every responsible person is therefore entitled to dignity and respect.† Thus, the views of Kant, who is the most important supporter in history of deontological ethics or the study of duty, insist that the single feature that gives an action moral value is the motive that is behind the action. Similarly, another central concept in Kant’s ethics is freedom which is an idea of reason that serves a crucial practical purpose. â€Å"Without the assumption of freedom, reason cannot act. If we think of ourselves as completely causally determined, and not as uncaused causes ourselves, then any attempt to conceive of a rule that prescribes the means by which some end can be achieved is pointless.†" (McCormick, 2006) In short, the concepts of freedom and duty are central to the Kantian ethics and the originality and uniqueness of Kant's ethical theory is that he celebrated a general criticism of previous ethical theories. To comprehend the originality and uniqueness of Kant's ethical theory, it is essential to realize that he is a tough critic of previous ethical theories, especially the theory of utilitarianism. He is undisputed master of ethical theory and he finds good will as the only good thing in the world. He goes on to associate the concept of good will with actions from duty which have the only true moral value in life. Therefore, Kant associates "good will in some way with acting from duty and claims that only actions done from duty have true moral worth or moral content, while actions in conformity to duty that are done from self-interest, or even beneficent actions done from a natural inclination such as spontaneous sympathetic pleasure agents take in seeing those around them happy, are lacking in authentic moral worth or moral content." (Wood, 2007, p 24). To Kant, only those actions which spring from duty can display a good will and his ethical theories are original which question the va lidity of earlier thoughts. Significantly, the originality and uniqueness of Kant's ethical theory is clear from his 'Copernican revolution' which includes freedom, autonomy and heteronomy. An understanding of how Kant distinguishes between autonomy and heteronomy helps one in realizing the uniqueness of Kant's ethical theory. "For Kant the term "autonomy" denoted our ability and responsibility to know what morality requires of us and to act accordingly. In a derivative sense, the autonomous person is one who exercises this ability and lives up to this responsibility There are also

How femininities and masculinities were constructed in Latin America Essay Example for Free

How femininities and masculinities were constructed in Latin America Essay The upsurge of the American culture has vehemently exploded across the world in general, but in particular in the Latin America, where the conventional living styles have been upset. From the Caracas to Havana, feminism and masculinity have been snared. Socially, a new social fabric is in the memory where gender polarity is being erased to pave way for a neoman who neither recognizes nor respects individual external orientations. Though in numerous cases education system in different courses have recognized the fauna and flora into two distinct groups based on anatomical feature; a good proportion of the modern people have failed to respect this early natural innovation. As far as human studies reveals, the aftermath of long researches with devotion and dedications from global scientists has to be alluded for verification and confirmatory of the kind evolutions that might have taken place. Perhaps, it can be claimed that biologists, psychologists and other individuals in the anthropological research and studies have over the time been disillusioned on their work. (Viveros, 2001) The two terminologies of masculinity and femininity have been widely used in the research involving human being. They have been used primarily in researches in the field of science of biology, sociology and medicine. Despite their wide application in the scientific world, these terms have been used to bring a sense of gender category/ identity. Both masculinity and femininity are two opposite terms which etymologically were derived from the word male and female respectively. In spite of their derivation, masculinity and maleness are widely distinct entities, hence they have meaning which are quite unrelated. Similarly, femininity and femaleness has different application to bring different meanings. Advances in education and technology in defense of new world, masculinity and femininity meanings have been diffused, and this has led to flooding of different characteristics to define them, thus impressive characteristics such as communion and separations by Balkan are widely adopted.   Ã‚  Ã‚  (Stern, 2001) Overall, distinguishing of such terminologies has over the decades been confusing, throwing most readers out of the track. Sex and gender are the most perplexing words especially in relation to masculinity and femininity.   However, the recent simplicity of these indicates the body as being the sex while gender is the complexities which are portrayed by the body. This sophistication thus comprises of the body behavior, the mental thinking and the general features which describes the personality of an individual (Gutmann, 1970). Therefore, masculinity and femininity are highly rooted on the gender term rather than sex. Masculinities and femininities are gendered terms which refers to behavioral characteristics that are distinctive and general pronounced in give sex.   The study of females and males in gender revealed context is something that has not taken place in an overnight elapse; however, this is estimated to have been in existence for more than a century. Approximately, femininity and masculinity studies have lasted from late 19th century and early 20th century up to date. First and foremost, men’s interest on the study of gender work was more inclined in the field of social activities. The arousal of gender related interest was emanating from the many numerous mistreatments that were inflicted on the females by the male counterparts. Since the first inscriptive work concerning gender issues, inequalities in the society were eminent with much exploitation of the females. Thus the imbalances and disparities which are still distinctive in the currently world’s community are the traces of scalds which were inflicted by our forefathers. Variations on behavior and other inherent characters of the males and females in the communities of the Latin America are conspicuous features not only to the Latin America but to the other communities within the United States (Viveros, 2001). Masculinity and femininity has been displayed in numerous ways in the Latin America. The intimacy of power and sexuality is like nut and bolt. Since the creation of human nature, they have always fitted into each other forming a bound which is hard to break. Over the year, sexual powers have played major role in the maintenance of procreation process in the board. Sexual power on either side of femininity and masculinity has been of great value over the formation of couple families. Man and female partners have served as great firms; each housing within it very important commodities of pressure and live. Although the firm machines is fueled by spiritual means, the running the firms to produce an extraordinary products has always been threatened. While market places are set up for commodities exhibitions, jargonization  Ã‚   has taken place in the market place of the firm established and their commodities are neither valued nor can they enter the targeted marketed audiences. This was earlier perceived by Marx, hence, according to his elucidation of commodity, he pointed out that the process of change has got far reaching consequences. (Sallie, 2000) Family life in the Latin America has been dominated with capitalism, with men trying to harvesting unfairly on what they did not deserve. Repressive and coercive environments raged among many house in the Latin America couple compelling the females to submissive condition. For a number of decades, violence combined with oppression on the Latin America women was usual tolerance of the family life. Through well strategic and tactical ways, manipulations were legally and illegally set to capture the commodity. This conformed to the works of Bauman, whom in his work, he found that consumption was so much important to capitalist and therefore, during the early times, there were deficiency in erecting effective barrier to the consumer. Women were handicapped economically and socially making them vulnerable to challenges of men. Women situations have always been challenged to that of men by the variations of the availability of the commodities and consumers. Like a tourists in foreign land, the proportion of women to men has always been at an alarming level, paving the way for capitalistic men to maneuver their way from entangles of monogamy to polygamy and other kind of behavior misconducts. Bauman said â€Å" our desired are constantly recycled, reinvented and even invented in relation to new products, the endless pursuits for new, which fuses the thrill of invention with the status afforded innovations and newness in most of the world†. Through commodities rareness and scarcity in the Latin America, thrilling and tempting emotions painful punctures the lives of the women making them to surrender the demands of nature. This means natural hierarchy of human power was hence established from the sexuality and its connection to power was thus imbued from creation and continued in human life by inequality (Sueann, 1998). The liberation of the females from the bondages of sexual powers has taken a long struggle. Men have always dominated the females either under the influence of laws of under the ignorance and pride of man. Masculinity and femininity in the Latin America has raised a lot of heated debates over the recent decades due to its continued oppressive nature on both men and women. Though the laws of the Latin America have endeavored to perpetuate the moral thinking of most religious groups such as Christianity, Islamic and many others, the imposing of state power to prohibiting homosexually was impinging making Latin American females to tolerate the unwelcoming condition dominancy of the males. While lesbianism and gay remained prohibited marriage practices in the Latin American region, the citizens were enslaved to the adherence to heterosexual partnership, which was termed as bleach of freedom and liberty from colonial sovereignties. Under the disguise of moral conservations on reproduction, men were privileged to exercise political power which degenerated and deprived off the women freedom of leadership on politics generating a lot of criticism from human right activists. The expression of masculinity and femininity in the society has therefore been a battling matter between the societies, the religions other organization such human right bodies. However, the diversification of masculinity and femininity has solely been propelled through the authorities of the states governments. With the hurricanes and hailstorms of change in culture and traditions, scores of Europeans nations as well as numerous United States have been thrown to the seas of homosexuality with great acceptance. The desire for freed men and women has been the main argument for the easy penetration of the modernized homogeneity of masculinity and femininity. (Stern, 2001) Although there is now generalized acceptance in homosexuality in the globe, some states mostly in developed continents have remained adamant to the forces and pressures of the multitude move, hence, heterosexuality which has been dominating marriage and sex practices for many years is still conserved. According to the works of Sallie, it is observed that not only did most Latin American government prohibit the practices of homosexuality, but they have also abolished use of natural commodities as means of exploitation of fellow men. Thus, both homosexuals and commercial heterosexuals never escape the legal authorities, but mercilessly and without impunity faces the full charges of legal courts where they duly pay their debts. Masculinity and femininity has therefore been maintained in place despites the enormous forces to dissolve it by the authority and the communities themselves. The severity and weight of homosexuality has been varied from one Latin American state to another.   Like in the antiquity of the Israelites, prostitution and homosexuality are illegal in the face of Ecuador dwellers. Besides illegalization of these behaviors, homosexuals and prostitutes in the Ecuador risks their lives to physical abuse which consequently can lead to instant deprivation of live through public stoning or gun shooting. In Brazil, the Brazilians are much more lenient on the maintenance of the healthy community with diversified masculinities and femininities. There is feeling that these are unethical practices, hence Brazilians have outlawed them by just concealing them from the public innocent persons, while on the black points such as brothels far from schools, residential places and other hidden places are business as usual. Undoubtedly, this can be perceived as strategy which is employed to eliminate the paupers either economically of in color discriminatory means. (Peake, 1990) For many decades which have passed over, it was unthinkable for the Brazilian females to get involved into risky relationships as it is rampant in the today world. The moral compulsion together with the cultural laws sternly denied chances of loose living of both brazened girls and mothers in honor of virginity. Virginity among the young girls was so precious that, if it was lost in any undeserving ways, valuable returns were paid by the offenders for not less than five years. The search and confirmatory work of the virginity in the Brazilians advanced technology and knowledge in the field of medicine. At first, lack of enough knowledge about the anatomical sex examination led to numerous errors from inexperienced practitioners. This perhaps led to imposing of unfair punishments to the perpetrators of the legal laws concerning defilements and other related matters. According to Sales, this was an overwhelming opportunity in medical fields especially in Brazil where the government shouldered the task of deflowering examinations. In the eve of the praise of virginity as an honor to the female, Manoel and Maria Pereira appeared in the system of justices in search for honor of virginity. While to the Europeans, deflowering was like a norm, the Brazilians felt that it was an act of guiltiness which could only be compensated fully by marriage union. Hence, Peixoto said â€Å"†¦the scarcity of women makes them so precious, that upon loss of virginity, they promptly demand due repair by marriage†. (Buckley, 1999) The value that was attached to virginity and more to the hymen was unparalleled. Thus, from the ancients time when live was worthy living, most Latin Americas females honored their virginity to the extent that they would commit serious offences like murder rather than losing it. Like a jewel, virginity was preserved by most of females in the Brazilian community of Latinos. Due to the efforts to preserve the culturally valued jewel, men who trespassed in snatching it were heavily reprimanded in the justice systems.   This saw justice systems being filled with abnormal number of deflowering disputes. Surprisingly, the majority of the seeker for justices hailed from lower class women of the society, which lead to the inappropriate conclusion that they were only sexually preoccupied as result of race, ignorance, climates and the upbringing environment which lead them to have undeveloped moral and mental cultures. (Sallie, 2000) Like many other kinds of cultural practices, the culture on virginity was skewed giving men much opportunity on the freedom of sexual matters more than females. While the acts of deflowering were sternly against the laws of lands, the resolutions were quite simplified through the acceptance of the offender to make marriage with the deflowered female. The continuation of the culture and tradition with increased value attached to virginity, men obtained the status of polygamous marriage which was not only a symbol of wealthy, but this increased their honor in the community. The fact that females were getting married as second wives, thus, they accepted to live as concubine, which meant that men’s virginity was neither an issues nor was it considered as of any value during marriage time. Therefore, men had full freedom and liberty to engage to any number marriage relationships of the opposite sex, while females found themselves adhering to only single man’s relationship that made them to lose virginity. Sueann found it not satisfying on the Brazilian females due to the inequality on sexual issues which had merited men more than females. Though the culture on virginity in the Brazilian community was a way of enhancing diversity of masculinity and femininity among the people, however, the adverse effects were eminent. This was overt from the works of Sueann where he said â€Å"†¦.the persistent valorization of the female virginity and male aggressiveness,   coupled with a long standing tradition of premarital sexual relations, gave men an enormous advantage over their female partners†¦Ã¢â‚¬  There are numerous other noble men and women in different organization with similar opinions and who have got even greater powers to initiate change on them. When the issue dawn on jurists and legislators, the got receive it as a debatable material which ended without unanimous steps of resolutions. It only served as a stepping stone to those in the political sector which was use to broaden their politics drive leaving men the trod on the females as much   as the rules and laws permitted. The defense on the female rights and the definition of the roles and responsibilities are therefore been a rich ground of political expansion while this has left female survival at the fate of tormenting men. (Buckley, 1999) Although female rights and responsibilities have fallen into disarray in most of time, collection of efforts over time has made a break through of female liberation. The enlightenment of women through education and formation movement groups fought for the liberation of women. However, the overthrow of men is long process which is happening at a gradual pace. Beginning with the discrimination of men over punishments on offences which were committed in environment each of the two parties to receive equally penalties, men was more inflicted than the female partners (Green, 1999). Thus, the controversies which arose in the formation of protective rights emerged to overturn the justice to injustice in the men side, making him to be overburdened with penalties. Oppression and undermining of the man through unfair punishments on sexual matters diminished the meaning of family. Women began praising themselves as the heads of their families and defied to be submissive to their husbands. With the support to intimidate men from activists, government and other groups, men became symbolic in the family status; but women encountering men with disrespect and defending their daughter misconducts were issue that made them to be more conspicuous. As a consequence of men intimidation and the usually consensus of the practices to empower women, pride of cultures and tradition lost and men’s authority and manipulations over the women fainted away. However, there was diverged on the interactivity of men and women creating a new ways of social interaction both in power and social activities. (Sueann, 1998) The later years of the twentieth century are marked with great changes of social and power in all Latin American countries. The struggle to equalize men and women in power altered the social interaction and the equality was thus literally applied on the social and power. Men and women in the Latin America became exercising homosexually where men power was dissolved and equality granted to relationship. The scene although has now become a norm over the four corners of the globe, masculinity and femininity in the marriages ground are thus a passive biological terms (Green, 1999). The adoption of the modern lifestyles in the Latin America has changes the stability of most families. With the adoption of the homosexuality and the despise of the early notions of heterosexually, marriage in the new generation of the Latin America has turned to be contractual, which give both men and women the chance of terminating the marriage, a fact which is contrary to the old relationships where death and men like Manoel had the fate of marriage. However, this worsened the healthy families which were once established under the polygamous culture as more flexibility of men and women doubled, tripled and sometime went several unaccounted folds. Despite the presences of the pernicious ailments such as HIV/AIDS, lesbianism and gay has continued at rapid rates in the Brazilians community. The stigmatization of the HIV/AIDS with homosexuals and bisexuals made them to be vulnerable than their counterparts heterosexuals. Hence, sex preference was now becoming a factor of consideration in the job market. The homosexuals and bisexuals became to be discriminated in the employment sectors which gave another race for such patients. The effect of AIDS/HIV gave a new setting of the society by dissolving the boundaries of culture; however, the distinction which existed on role and work responsibilities was generalized. (Haggerty, 1985),

Personal Statement Essay -- College Admissions Essays

We are the media and the media is us. That statement is very broad and is so for a good reason. Through out the world and the history of our society, media has transformed, melted, bent, molded and made our society and culture what it is today. But at the same time, our culture and society has done the exact same thing to media. It is hard to realize or imagine a time without televisions, telephones, fax machines, printers, computers, cell phones, pagers and other electronic technologies that have made our lives, hopefully, stress-free. Those items were and are still being invented today to make our lives easier and better, but are they really making life easier and better? Media plays a big part in defining what society wants and gets. Society tells our media what society wants. There are both upsides and downsides to the media, one saying what both of us want and two doing what both of us want.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First let’s start with the downsides of our media. Our media censors us and desensitizes us to our own society. Lets take for example the news, in news the stories that air are stories that include blood and guts. Why? Because those stories reflect the morals of society. We would rather actually see someone slashed, shot, run over, or cut than be asked to imagine what happened. The reason for preferring violent images comes from and stems from movies. It is not a good action flick unless someone loses their life or good guy, bad guy. It is what we are used to. Even in the fifties there was Zorro and the masked ranger. The good guy always had to win no matter what. This way of thinking is where the media gets their ideas. Another downside of media is the negative image they give the United States. If you go to Ireland and ask them how they thought Americans lived, they would probably say that we are stuck up, violent, non-caring, money grubbing and work obsessed people. They get this idea from American sitcoms that air there. One for Example is The Simpsons. They think that all males sit on the couch, drink beer, and are not responsible. They think that little boys go around and cause trouble and get kicked out of school. As for little girls, they think they are angels and never do anything wrong unless possessed by the devil. Finally, they think that females are in charge of keeping the males out of trouble, as well. Of course, this i... ...t are kids going to do if you tell them that they cannot have it. They will some how or another get their hands on it, whether it be from another kid or buying it themselves. And that is exactly what happened. He got the news press after him, the news media after him, MTV did a interview with him, and all because parents did not like his lyrics. My response to them is then do not listen to him and do not by his records. The only way a music artist makes any money is if the records sell. Now, on the other hand, if any of this happened to a politician their career would be over. They would never be believed and many people would disregard what they say. Again it all started because the media opened their mouth and printed it on paper. Overall media is a good form of communication and reinsures that this country would not survive without it if you took it away from them right now, but if we never had media in the first place, this might have a different answer. Media is all around and you can never get away from it. Always be aware of what they are saying, but do not take their word as Gospel. They are just expressing the same right all of us have. Just remember to express your own.

Cognitive Behavioral Intervention Approach Essay

Designed for students diagnosed with emotional and behavioral disabilities (EBD) there are a numerous amount of intervention strategies and methods that can be used to implement and help students build their self-management skills. These intervention strategies are used with the intention of students ultimately learning how to control their behaviors in and out of school. Consequently, self-sufficient intervention approaches are a supported and efficient method of delivering pertinent and significant supports to students with EBD. Advocates of cognitive behavioral intervention (CBI) substantiate the communal correlation amid views and behaviors as a central credence of their method. Students engross in self-management methods when utilizing CBIs. Strategies included in CBIs are self-instruction, self-monitoring, self-reinforcement, self-control, and self-evaluation (Yell, Meadows, Drasgow, & Shriner, 2009). Procedures of Cognitive Behavioral Intervention Cognitive behavioral interventions educate students on ways to govern their personal feelings and behaviors through reinforcing instruction strategies that encourage appropriate actions. Through the implementation of CBIs, students are engrossed in self-reflection, recounting and reinforcement. In most cases of behavioral management strategies, educators are made responsible for observing students, collecting data and reinforcing appropriate behaviors. During the course of CBI, students may accomplish three procedures, thus stimulating their independence, self-management, and an accountability for their actions (Yell, Meadows, Drasgow, & Shriner, 2009). When CBI is introduced, students must document the frequency of the specific target behavior/s that are occurring. Researchers have found that self-monitoring behavior is an exceedingly sufficient way of endorsing constructive exchanges amid an assortment of learners (Stonecipher, 2012). Students must know how to identify the occurring behavior(s) in order to effectually record it on a data sheet, journal, or organizer. Often times, inappropriate behaviors will begin to decrease instantaneously once students become cognizant of the behavior and how often it occurs (Stonecipher, 2012). Students must first be capable of self-monitoring their behaviors before effectual self-evaluation may begin. In addition, educators must impart a rating scale; a criterion for students to measure their performance in contrast to. The rating scale should be used during all classroom related activities (Robinson, 2007). Using the rating scale as a rubric of sorts, students can compare the rate of their performance in contrast to the teacher’s criteria. Once comparisons are made, students should reflect upon their results. Students can successfully self-evaluate their behaviors in a myriad of ways, including through the use of evaluation charts that coincide with the student’s daily class schedule (Yell, Meadows, Drasgow, & Shriner, 2009). Self-reinforcement, similar to instructor directed reinforcement, is delivered succeeding the achievement of a goal, in this circumstance, fitting behavior. Likewise, self-reinforcement should be applied steadily and systematically (Smith, 2002). Self-reinforcement, can be either externally or internally given. In addition, through self-reinforcement, students are given the opportunity to choose their own reward. Through collaboration, educators and students work together to define the precise criterion that students must met before being reinforced. It is significant to observe that with self-reinforcement and all processes of self-management, the teacher is responsible for directing the student on how to effectually manage the stages, as well as monitor them throughout the preliminary steps of self-management to certify that efficient practices are being utilized (Yell, Meadows, Drasgow, & Shriner, 2009). Lastly, teachers and students need to effectively communicate with one another concerning the attainment of self-management and ultimately diminish or reduce self-reinforcement (Yell, Meadows, Drasgow, & Shriner, 2009). Emotions, Thoughts, and Behaviors Emotions, thoughts, and behaviors share a communal correlation; thoughts can produce emotional responses; emotional responses can then produce positive and negative behaviors. As a result, a student’s emotions and behaviors have a direct correlation to their thoughts and vice versa (Stonecipher, 2012).  In instances where a student is unable to self-manage their behaviors while presented with an issue, a probable outcome would be that the student will then act out inappropriately. As a result, cognitive behavioral interventions often encompass problem solving and anger management strategies (Robinson, 2007). Conducive to effectually self-managing behavior, students must be trained to exercise constructive thinking and reduce the pervasiveness of participating in destructive behavior acquired from an emotional response. Students may obtain this by acknowledging the problem, defining it, producing and assessing resolutions, applying a plan and lastly observing the resolution (Yell, Meadows, Drasgow, & Shriner, 2009). Students should also learn to recognize specific elements including triggers, reminders, and reducers, while trying to self-manage. Teachers must retain patience during this process as students must build these skills up before positive results transpire (Yell, Meadows, Drasgow, & Shriner, 2009). Effectiveness and Limitations of Cognitive Behavior Interventions CBI has been verified as an effective technique in behavior management for students with EBD. When accurately implemented, CBIs can aide students in decreasing inappropriate behaviors that interfere in their academic and personal lives and make students responsible for the management of their own behaviors within these areas as well. CBIs do not come without limitations as well. Students who are reluctant or apathetic to changing their behaviors would result in its ineffectiveness. It is equally significant for educators to contemplate the validity of student recorded behavioral data. During student behavioral data collection, there can be occurrences of students noting the specific behavior(s) at a reduced frequency than which they truly transpire (Smith, 2002). Social Skills Instruction Social skills and academic performance directly correlate with one another. Social skills instruction consists of educating students on what interactions are appropriate between both adults and peers and can be easily combined within the curriculum through projects, small group discussions, etc. (Smith, 2002). For students with EBD, social skills instruction is more accurate when directed as a fragment of an overall management plan. When students implement CBIs problem solving and self-controlling approaches,  students learn to identify issues and establish effective results that are considered socially adequate and are particularly pertinent to the management of EBD students (Smith, 2002). Developing Curriculum, Approaches, and Assessment As a means of being appropriately implemented, CBIs must transpire within the framework of a behavioral management plan or curriculum and should identify a student’s behavior, as well as what processes will used to implement the intervention and the assessment. Functional behavioral assessment (FBA) signifies a method for assembling information about problematic conduct in order to understand and identify the reasons behind them (Yell, Meadows, Drasgow, & Shriner, 2009). The behavioral management curriculum cannot progress without the administration of an FBA, which explicitly classifies and labels specific behaviors of EBD students. Likewise, the FBA overtly specifies the underlying issues behind the behavior, which in turn aides in the development of preparing effective and pertinent interventions. The FBA will result in the behavioral intervention plan (BIP) where CBI strategies can be utilized. There are a varied amount of methods that can be utilized to implement CBI into the management curriculum including student kept data, self-evaluation, graphic organizers, observations, achievement tests, norm-referenced tests, and criterion tests (Yell, Meadows, Drasgow, & Shriner, 2009). Reflection on Cognitive Behavioral Approach CBI is a recognized and efficient approach to managing undesirable behaviors for students with EBD. As a means of effectively executing CBI, educators must design thorough strategies and intervention that can be incorporated within the behavior intervention plan. Additionally, in order to maintain validity, teachers must survey the student’s development to certify that proper self-management measures are being adhered to. References Smith, W. (2002). Applying Cognitive Behavioral Techniques to Social Skills Instruction. ERIC/OSEP Digest (#E630). Retrieved from http://www.cec.sped.org/Content/NavigationMenu/AboutCEC/International/StepbyS

Problems and Benefits of Privatization of Public Sector Organizations in China Essay

Privatization as an important role of economy , has great contribution for all over the world. So what is privatization? Privatization means transfer of assets of economic activity from public sector to private sector, it has been seen by many governments as a means of revitalizing inefficient industries and as an opportunity to raise revenues to ease budgetary problems; however, privatization in China is very complicated. When reform started in 1978, almost of the productive assets were state-owned in China. But reforms since then have not included privatization. Today, there is more than 70 per cent of Chinese productive wealth which belongs to Chinese government. During the first 20 years of reform, the government concentrated the country’s assets with a great purpose of development which helped to achieve the creation of infrastructure and expansion of industrial capacity. We can image, if the state assets had been privatized, it would become a big trouble for China to mobilize resources during the tremendous industrialization between 1980s and 1990s.That’s why the initial marketization-without-privatization approach has been successful. Also because of that, China has emerged a robust infrastructure and become an industrialized economy. However, this industry-first, government-investment-driven and export-oriented growth model which has been highly resource intensive has run its course. China has expanded export almost of the world, not only the developed countries, also Latin America, the Middle East and Africa. But this growth model is limiting the speed of export. China has to turn towards growth driven by domestic demand, not exports, and one led by service not industry to shift its economy. So what can help to stimulate the transformation? The answer is privatization. Privatization remains a thorny issue in a country where private property became a constitutional right only in 2004 and where the right to own productive assets remains unclear. Many vibrant, purely private companies have sprung up despite this uncertainty, but take care to stay out of the limelight. For example, the most famous Chinese private company is Legend Holdings Ltd, is Chinese investment holding company in IT, investment, and real estate formed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences- the best-known of which is the Lenovo Group in which Legend is the controlling shareholder. In 2006, the volume of its business was 4,033,096 million RMB. Another famous private company is Huawei which makes and sales telecommunication equipment. It is biggest supplier who provides the solution of telecommunication network. Until 2011, the whole company had 146,000 employees, and the annual sales volume was 203.9 billion RMB. Obviously the kinds of private companies become a main power to improve C hinese economy and increase national income. Proverbially, privatization can help to reduce the government financial and administrative burden. The best example is Legend Holdings Ltd. Legend Holdings Ltd was based on the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Chinese government only invested 200 thousands to organize the company. However, until now, the company has developed to an international holding company with the influence from all over the world. The Chinese government doesn’t manage the company directly but it controls a part of stock of the company. According to an analysis suggests that privatization of China’s state-owned enterprises is achieved with limited compromise on the social welfare responsibilities, and much of the improvement in the firm performance comes from the reduction in the agency cost at the management level. The state-owned enterprises generally have bloated management structure with excessive amount of managerial expenses. It is because the State Assets Agency has multiple objectives, and so long as the management meets those objectives it is neither motivated nor disciplined for profit maximization. On the contrary, private companies have their own management systems, they don’t have so much social welfare duties as state-owned enterprises. Rapid development of privatization also can help government to increase their financial income. According to the data suggests, in 2004, mainly to the private economy of small and medium-sized enterprises created 58.8 per cents of GDP, 68.3 per cents of exports and 48.2 per cents of revenue in China. Also we can see the data from Legend Holdings Ltd. Until 2003, this private company handed over to the national tax 5.45 billion RMB. As the state-owned enterprises, the government has to invest by themselves to get profit; however, as private company, government can get revenue without investing or management. Increasing efficiency and productivity in certain public sector is the third advantage of privatization in China. Some state-owned enterprises sale to specific purchasers through MBO(Management Buy-Outs). The managers cooperate with foreign companies which can help to import high technology equipment and improve the manufacturing technology. Obviously, this can increase the efficiency and productivity of company. The most famous example in China is Haier. Haier as a global electrical appliances brand, cooperate with 28 companies from difficult countries like America, Japan and Germany. As of 2008, Haier has surpassed rival Whirlpool as the world’s top refrigerator producer in terms of sales, according to Euromonitor, an independent business intelligence provider. Haier said it sold 12 million refrigerators worldwide last year, up 20% over the previous year. Its market share reached 6.3% globally. On the other hand, with the development of privatization in China, there are many problems which disturb the road of privatization. As I talked before, MBO is a kind of form of state-owned enterprises privatization. The government selling the state-owned enterprises to private organization or individual is another form. The biggest problem for this form is the individual will change the enterprise to family business. The Chinese Social Science Center had a research about Chinese private economy. The data showed 61.82 per cent companies admit that they are family business. Only 27.4 per cent of enterprises’ stock was controlled by family under 90 per cent. In China, family business enterprises’ average life is only 2.8 years. Why? Many bosses of private companies provide management job to their family. However, with the development of enterprise, importing the skills of manufacture and the experience of management become more and more important. Family members are not en ough for the development of business. The crisis of stock is another problem for privatization in China. A while back Huawei company was in trouble of old employees demanded the stock of enterprise. According to this event, we can notice there is more stock crisis in privatization of China. The owners of enterprises want to control the whole company; however, when the state-owned enterprises change to private enterprises, the distribution of stock is very confused. The lack of clear strategy of cooperation and the lack of coordination system make the partner scramble for stock, which can make the management layer into disarray. The developing of enterprise is seriously for entrepreneur. However, the growth of enterprise is not only expanding the company or increasing the number of employees, it appears in many aspects. Chinese entrepreneur always want to control their companies, this means they do not want to decrease their stock of the company. This phenomenon result to the lack of investment. For example, we can connect to family business. The lack of investment and management skills make the enterprises’ average life only 2.8 years. How to affect foreign investment and increase the capital is big challenge for Chinese entrepreneur because when the enterprises become private, the government cannot control or manage or invest to the companies directly. China’s privatization has developed more than 20 years, the private company increase the government financial income and develop Chinese economics. However the privatization in China is still not mature. A state-owned enterprise which changes to private enterprise has to face many problems. In general, the trend of Chinese privatization is optimistic. This also can help to develop the world economics.

How to Measure Volume and Density

How to Measure Volume and Density Archimedes needed to determine if a goldsmith had embezzled gold during the manufacture of the royal crown for King Hiero I of Syracuse. How would you find out if a crown was made of gold or a cheaper alloy? How would you know if the crown was a base metal with a golden exterior? Gold is a very heavy metal (even heavier than lead, though lead has a higher atomic weight), so one way to test the crown would be to determine its density (mass per unit volume). Archimedes could use scales to find the mass of the crown, but how would he find the volume? Melting the crown down to cast it into a cube or sphere would make for an easy calculation and an angry king. After pondering the problem, it occurred to Archimedes that he could calculate volume based on how much water the crown displaced. Technically, he didnt even need to weigh the crown, if he had access to the royal treasury since he could just compare the displacement of water by the crown with the displacement of water by an equal volume of the gold the smith was given to use. According to the story, once Archimedes hit upon the solution to his problem, he burst outside, naked, and ran through the streets yelling, Eureka! Eureka! Some of this might be fiction, but Archimedes idea to calculate the volume of an object and its density  if you know the objects weight was fact. For a small object, in the lab, the easiest way to do this is to partly fill a graduated cylinder large enough to contain the object with water (or some liquid in which the object wont dissolve). Record the volume of water. Add the object, being careful to eliminate air bubbles. Record the new volume. The volume of the object is the initial volume in the cylinder subtracted from the final volume. If you have the objects mass, its density is the mass divided by its volume. How to Do It at Home Most people dont keep graduated cylinders in their homes. The closest thing to it would be a liquid measuring cup, which will accomplish the same task, but with a lot less accuracy. There is another way to calculate volume using Archimedes displacement method. Partially fill a box or cylindrical container with liquid.Mark the initial liquid level on the outside of the container with a marker.Add the object.Mark the new liquid level.Measure the distance between the original and final liquid levels. If the container was rectangular or square, the volume of the object is the inside width of the container multiplied by the inside length of the container (both numbers are the same in a cube), multiplied by the distance the liquid was displaced (length x width x height volume). For a cylinder, measure the diameter of the circle inside the container. The radius of the cylinder is 1/2 the diameter. The volume of your object is pi (Ï€, ~3.14) multiplied by the square of the radius multiplied by the difference in liquid levels (Ï€r2h).

Free Essays on Idea Of Masculinity And Physical Condition

Idea of Masculinity and Physical Condition In today's society, there is a lot of pressure on young men to be in the best physical condition possible. The idea of masculinity seems to be related to the picture of a perfect man with bulging muscles that excels in sports. A boy growing up who does not make the football or baseball team is ridiculed and tormented by his classmates and is labeled as a "nerd" or a "loser". These images of the macho man are put in adolescent boys heads mainly by the media. They see the Arnold Schwaztanagers and other muscle men and grow up thinking that is what they have to look like in order to get a good-looking girlfriend or to be popular. Movies portray the big strong man as the one in charge, and the one with all the ladies. Strength has become symbolic of not only Masculinity, but of power and sexuality. The main problem with this image is that not all children can live up to it. A boy with an illness such as asthma or diabetes may look fine, but is not able to perform as well athletically than his classmates. The boy will often end up hating himself and pushing harder than he is physically able in order to perform as well as his peers. This is not only dangerous to the physical well - being of the child, but can also mentally harm him when he realizes he will never be as quick or as strong as the rest of the boys. Along with peer pressure comes pressure from the gym teachers or coaches. They always want to push the extra step, but sometime that extra step is unattainable. The only way that a child with a disability can cope with this is to realize that just because he is not athletic does not make him any less masculine. Some boys that do not even take interest in sports pretend to, just so they are not labeled as "weird" or "gay". They act like they enjoy watching football games with dad or basketball games with his friends, even though he would rather be reading or writing. Ju... Free Essays on Idea Of Masculinity And Physical Condition Free Essays on Idea Of Masculinity And Physical Condition Idea of Masculinity and Physical Condition In today's society, there is a lot of pressure on young men to be in the best physical condition possible. The idea of masculinity seems to be related to the picture of a perfect man with bulging muscles that excels in sports. A boy growing up who does not make the football or baseball team is ridiculed and tormented by his classmates and is labeled as a "nerd" or a "loser". These images of the macho man are put in adolescent boys heads mainly by the media. They see the Arnold Schwaztanagers and other muscle men and grow up thinking that is what they have to look like in order to get a good-looking girlfriend or to be popular. Movies portray the big strong man as the one in charge, and the one with all the ladies. Strength has become symbolic of not only Masculinity, but of power and sexuality. The main problem with this image is that not all children can live up to it. A boy with an illness such as asthma or diabetes may look fine, but is not able to perform as well athletically than his classmates. The boy will often end up hating himself and pushing harder than he is physically able in order to perform as well as his peers. This is not only dangerous to the physical well - being of the child, but can also mentally harm him when he realizes he will never be as quick or as strong as the rest of the boys. Along with peer pressure comes pressure from the gym teachers or coaches. They always want to push the extra step, but sometime that extra step is unattainable. The only way that a child with a disability can cope with this is to realize that just because he is not athletic does not make him any less masculine. Some boys that do not even take interest in sports pretend to, just so they are not labeled as "weird" or "gay". They act like they enjoy watching football games with dad or basketball games with his friends, even though he would rather be reading or writing. Ju...

Tips to Improve Your Spelling

Tips to Improve Your Spelling Nothing makes your writing look unpolished like misspelled words. While we can depend on technology like spell checkers to let us know when weve made errors, there are limits to what technology can do.   Read over this list of techniques and try to make them a part of your routine.   1. Make Yourself a List of Problem Words If there are certain words that you know you misspell frequently, make yourself a spelling list. Practice writing these words ten times each, just like you did in elementary school. Use flashcards to practice a little every night and eliminate words when you feel youve conquered them. 2. Keep a Problem Word File in Your Computer Each time you run a spell-checker and find a word that youve misspelled, copy and paste the word into your file. Later you can add it to your list (above). 3. Each Time You Practice a Word, Spell It Out Loud Later, you will recall how the word sounded as you spelled it right. Youll be surprised how well this works! 4. Review the Rules for Prefixes and Suffixes Youll avoid many mistakes once you understand the difference between inter and intra, for example. 5. Study Common Root Words of Words With Greek and Latin Origins This is a trick used by many Spelling Bee participants. Understanding etymology can add a layer of logic to word spellings that will make them easier to remember. 6. Memorize Clumps of Words That Belong to Special Groups For example, you will find that the group of words that contain ough (rhyming with tough) is finite and manageable. By observing words that do and dont belong together, you will reduce uncertainty about many similar words that dont make the list. More lists of special groups would include: aire words like questionnaire and millionairemn words like hymn and columnps words like psychology and pseudonymible words like edible and audible Be sure to revisit this list frequently. 7. Read Many words become familiar to us because we see them often. The more you read, the more words you will see, and the more youll memorize - even though you wont realize it. 8. Use a Pencil You can mark your books with light pencil marks to indicate words youd like to practice. Just remember to go back and erase! If you happen to use an eReader, be sure to highlight and bookmark words youd like to practice. 9. Practice With a Few Online Spelling Quizzes This is a good way to find frequently-misspelled or commonly-confused words. 10. Visualize Yourself Carrying Out an Activity to Match a Problem Word For example, if you have trouble remembering how to spell edible, conjure up and image of the word in your head, then picture yourself nibbling on the word. (Silly activities are often the most effective.) Any effort you make to improve your reading skills will have a surprising effect. Youll find that spelling becomes much easier with practice.

Pick any of Emerging markets - India or China and write a research Paper

Pick any of Emerging markets - India or China and write a regarding them - Research Paper Example 8). Clothing and footwear also accounts for 10.5% of the total sales in retail. The â€Å"entertainment, books and sports goods equipment† registered a CAGR of 21.3% in the financial year 2007 and 2012. According to Research and Markets, the retail industry in India has grown at CAGR of 14.6% in the financial year 2007 to 2012. The growth is influenced by the growing economic rate, change in the consumption pattern of the populace which are driven by higher standard of living, greater proportion of women, growth in middle class population and the increased level of penetration of organized retail segment. Despite of the prevailing growth rate, the retail segment of India remains fragmented with the organized sector still accounting for a miniscule percentage of the total market size of Indian retail market. The organized retail segment however accounted for a CAGR of 26.4% of the total retail. However with global and Indian economy reviving from post recession, the organized r etail segment has witnessed a gradual increase in the footfall during FY2011 (Research and Markets, 2012). ... The Indian retail segment is pegged at 500billion US dollar and is further expected to attain US $1.3trillion by 2020 and the organized retail sector is expected to reach about 25% by 2012. Indian e retailing market also has high potential for future growth with estimates to be US 1.26billion by 2015 and currently the e-retail segment accounts for US$ 361.66million (IBEF, 2012). In 2011, the Central Government of India had announced reform with respect o retail for both single brand and multi brand stores. The market reform have paved reform for competition and retail innovation with the multi brands such as Carrefour, Tesco and Wal-Mart and also for the single brands like Nike, Apple and IKEA. India had approved reform in January 2012 providing with the opportunity to innovate in the retail market with 100% ownership but for single brand imposed 30% of requirements of goods from India (Gupta, 2012). The Indian retailing structure can be divided into two groups, the organized and the unorganized retail sector. The unorganized retail sectors are the vendors, handcart, kiranas and others. This sector contributes to 98% of the total retail value. But with FDI in picture, the retail sector is expected to shrink employment in the unorganized sector and latter expand in the organized sector. The organized sector is undertaken by licensed retailers who are registered under income tax and sales. Another form of retailers is the in store retailers also known as brick and motor formats and are designed in order to lure its customers. Different kind of stores such as branded stores which appear in the form of executive showrooms, multi brand specialty store, department stores, convenient stores, supermarkets and shopping malls (Economy Watch, 2010). Liberalization and

Human Reasorce Mangment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human Reasorce Mangment - Essay Example All this is deemed to be in tune with the specific requirements of the organization (Bloisi, 2007). Before the review and after Caf Co adopted its new outlook of its human resource management, its human resource management had a number of similarities with its new outlook on human resource management. One of the similarities was that Caf Co recognized its personnel as the most important asset of the company and to this end various amendments were made to benefit the workforce of the caf. There was also the aspect that the human resource of the organization was deemed as a very important channel of the caf achieving its objectives and goals and this played a very important part in ensuring that the personnel were well trained and recruited to ensure that they met their objectives. This brought about the similarity that the personnel of the organization were well trained and also that new employees were well recruited before joining the organization. There was also the fact that the employees were handpicked from the best selection the market had to offer and old employees were subj ected to refresher course at a certain period. This method of human resource management can be classified as the classical form of human resource management (Marchington, 2005). When Caf Co adopted its new human resource management, the human resource though being deemed as one o... When this perspective was undertaken by the organization, the human resource of the organization started receiving extra benefits which were deemed as motivators for the personnel to accomplish their objectives and also realize their targets. To this effect the benefits were awarded to various individuals who showed that they were capable of achieving the 4Cs which denotes competence, congruence, competence and cost effectiveness. This new outlook by Caf Co indicated that they had adopted the Harvard human resource management which advocates for these policies to be implemented by any organization (Bloisi, 2007). 2. Necessity of more responsibility in the line management It is important for the management of any organization to portray a high degree of responsibility in their human resource management. This is especially true to the line management because in this aspect the management is responsible for the administration of all human resource activities which when brought together plays an important part in ensuring the organizational output is well coordinated to meet the organization's objectives as well as targets. When the management portrays an attitude of more responsibility, the personnel will also view the various projects as very important and in turn will put more effort in ensuring that the objectives are met. The supervising role that the management will play will act as a motivator for the personnel to ensure that they submit a high quality results. This will in turn play a very important role in ensuring that the organization offers the clients high quality products and services and this will play a very important role in improving t he public outlook of the organization. In this respect, the sales base of the

Marketing Plan Report - Introducing Five Guys Burger to Kuwait Assignment

Marketing Plan Report - Introducing Five Guys Burger to Kuwait - Assignment Example Using promotion aligned with psychographic traits related to the consumer behaviour, Five Guys can gain brand recognition and, ultimately, brand preference with its focus on integrated marketing communications and positioning on quality. Five Guys Burger Restaurants is a casual, fast food restaurant headquartered in Fairfax, Virginia in the United States. The company maintains a menu that is focused on hamburgers, kosher hot dogs and a variety of different sandwiches. Between 2010 and 2011, the company experienced revenue growth of over 32 percent (York 2012). In the United States, Five Guys Burger is positioned as being a better burger, with a high level of emphasis on quality ingredients to differentiate the business from domestic American competition. However, the U.S. marketplace, in terms of fast food restaurants, is highly saturated and it is difficult to achieve growth in a rapidly maturing market. As a result, Five Guys Burger Restaurants is seeking new market opportunities in foreign markets where there is less competitive saturation and where consumer characteristics are favourable for achieving market growth and building a positive brand reputation. This report identifies potential market opportunities in Kuwait, a developing nation, for Five Guys Burger to establish a potent competitive identity. The report provides justification for market entry in this country, an analysis of competitors in the region, the cultural profile for viable consumer segments in Kuwait, and an appropriate targeting strategy and positioning strategy to achieve the objectives of growth for the company. Additionally, the report provides appropriate recommendations, based on market conditions, for ensuring success in this new foreign investment. Five Guys differs from its other American competitors, offering only fresh beef and promoting that the company does not maintain any freezers in its

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

History - Essay Example In 539 B.C., armies of King Cyrus swept into Mesopotamia and managed to capture Babylon. They then took over northern Mesopotamia, Syria, Asia Minor, Canaan as well as the Phoenician cities. Of importance to note is the fact that Cyrus the Great showed all his new subjects great kindness; and his good treatment to them played a significant role in holding his empire together. Cyrus also had an army of professional soldiers trained – sometimes they conquered without bloodshed. In order to connect their holdings, which were obviously extensive, the Persians built roads, with the Royal Road stretching from Asia Minor to the Persian capital, Susa. The Persians also set up wayside stations to supply king’s messengers with fresh horses as well as food and shelter. What is more is that the leaders who followed Cyrus did not cease to add to the Persian territory – they conquered a region northeast of Greece called western India, Egypt, as well as Thrace (Spielvogel 132). Another thing worth noting is what the rulers did to the Persian Empire when it became bigger and therefore very challenging to manage. The government needed reorganization to make it manageable, which King Darius did following his coming to the throne in 521 B.C.

Global history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Global history - Essay Example Additionally, the end of the Cold War has had important implications for the already precarious states of Africa and has coincided with the emergence of Asian economic â€Å"Tigers†: a global economic shift towards emerging East Asian powerhouses. Our current wave of globalization will be traced back to the late 1960s, beginning with the â€Å"social revolution† of that decade, and will end with today’s international state of affairs. The social revolution of the 1960s was also a cultural revolution. In fact, the â€Å"rise of a specific, and extraordinarily powerful youth culture indicated a profound change in the relation between generations† (Hobsbawm 324). Leading this cultural revolution were the young: teenagers started wearing jeans – prior to that only farmers wore them – and rock music became the voice of a generation (Hobsbawm 324). In fact, industries saw the potential of this young and increasingly powerful generation and catered to it through the â€Å"flourishing industries of cosmetics, hair-care and personal hygiene† (Hobsbawm 326). Hobsbawm asserts that the social revolution of the 1960s was as much a capitalist venture as a social and cultural revolution. The result of this â€Å"concentrated mass of purchasing power† (Hobsbawm 326) was the development of a sort of cultural hegemony, with blue jeans and rock music the identifiers of modern youth. Cultural symbo ls of identity thus perpetuated an Anglo-American global cultural hegemony. Additionally, "the cultural revolution of the latest twentieth century can thus best be understood as the triumph of the individual over society, or rather, the breaking of the threads which in the past had woven human beings into social textures" (Hobsbawm 324-330). Planned capitalism, expressed through governmental economic intervention and the Bretton Woods Agreements of 1944, exploded during the 1970s. Bretton Woods, which established

Multiple questions to answer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

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Global history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Global history - Essay Example Additionally, the end of the Cold War has had important implications for the already precarious states of Africa and has coincided with the emergence of Asian economic â€Å"Tigers†: a global economic shift towards emerging East Asian powerhouses. Our current wave of globalization will be traced back to the late 1960s, beginning with the â€Å"social revolution† of that decade, and will end with today’s international state of affairs. The social revolution of the 1960s was also a cultural revolution. In fact, the â€Å"rise of a specific, and extraordinarily powerful youth culture indicated a profound change in the relation between generations† (Hobsbawm 324). Leading this cultural revolution were the young: teenagers started wearing jeans – prior to that only farmers wore them – and rock music became the voice of a generation (Hobsbawm 324). In fact, industries saw the potential of this young and increasingly powerful generation and catered to it through the â€Å"flourishing industries of cosmetics, hair-care and personal hygiene† (Hobsbawm 326). Hobsbawm asserts that the social revolution of the 1960s was as much a capitalist venture as a social and cultural revolution. The result of this â€Å"concentrated mass of purchasing power† (Hobsbawm 326) was the development of a sort of cultural hegemony, with blue jeans and rock music the identifiers of modern youth. Cultural symbo ls of identity thus perpetuated an Anglo-American global cultural hegemony. Additionally, "the cultural revolution of the latest twentieth century can thus best be understood as the triumph of the individual over society, or rather, the breaking of the threads which in the past had woven human beings into social textures" (Hobsbawm 324-330). Planned capitalism, expressed through governmental economic intervention and the Bretton Woods Agreements of 1944, exploded during the 1970s. Bretton Woods, which established

How do the views of 'constructivist' theorists about international Essay

How do the views of 'constructivist' theorists about international security differ from those of 'neo-realists'' - Essay Example Much of this analysis will draw from the work of British historian Eric Hobsbawm, arguably one of the most prominent scholars of the history of globalization. We then conclude with an overview of the issues explored and argue that neoliberalism and globalization are intrinsically intertwined. Neoliberalism has been the driving force of the global economic order since the latter half of the twentieth century. The current state of world affairs has its precursors in the social revolution of the 1960s, economic crises in the 1970s culminating the collapse of the New Deal and the OPEC oil crisis, as well as the emergence of neo-liberalism as a driving political and economic force in the 1980s. Events from the late 1960s reverberated in the Communist world and finally came to a head in the 1980s with total economic and political collapse. The Soviet sphere, coupled with the former Yugoslavia, provide the best examples of this phenomenon. Additionally, the end of the Cold War has had important implications for the already precarious states of Africa and has coincided with the emergence of Asian economic â€Å"Tigers†: a global economic shift towards emerging East Asian powerhouses. Our current wave of globalization will be traced back to the late 1960s, beginning with t he â€Å"social revolution† of that decade, and will end with today’s international state of affairs. The social revolution of the 1960s was also a cultural revolution. In fact, the â€Å"rise of a specific, and extraordinarily powerful youth culture indicated a profound change in the relation between generations† (Hobsbawm 1994, p. 324). Leading this cultural revolution were the young: teenagers started wearing jeans – prior to that only farmers wore them – and rock music became the voice of a generation (Hobsbawm 1994, p. 324). In fact, industries saw the potential

Grecian Couch Essay Example for Free

Grecian Couch Essay The Grecian couch, otherwise known as a Kline in Greece, is a blending of a bed, couch, and sofa. Its functions is not only limited to providing a seat for sleeping and reposing, but also for reclining in when eating food. The long frame of the couch provides just the right length for a petite lady to repose in. Also the top of the frame is usually fixed with interlaced cords and on the interlacing; a mattress is placed on top of it with covers and a single long pillow. The mattress, covers, and pillows are richly embroidered with silk in a light gold color. The form directs the sitter to lie usually in any position leaving the head to rest on the right where the tallest backing is. There is only one armrest on the very left of the couch and a waist length backing to hold the sitter from falling off. While other Grecian Couches were being supplemented by rosewood, it is principally made out of mahogany wood. The legs â€Å"that was similar to those found on a throne chair, namely legs terminating in animals’ feet† (Boger, â€Å"Guide to Furniture Styles† 5), are usually in the form of chimera, lion, eagles, and swans. The carvings are earthy with leaf patterns and extended curved lines following the over arching â€Å"sweeping curves and scrolls† (Boger, â€Å"Guide to Furniture Styles† 5) that resembles the work of Duncan Phyfe in America. They are realistically carved sometimes with â€Å"medley of and human heads, sphinxes with upraised wings, dolphins, swans, ringed lion’s mask, and the lion monopodium (Boger, â€Å"Furniture Past Present† 364). Today, the additions of wheels are sometimes added to the legs of the couch to give it mobility. The John and Hugh Finlay brothers were the designers responsible for creating the couch, and much more famous Grecian furniture. The Finlay brothers first advertised their designs in the Baltimore Federal Gazette of January 25, 1803. It was not until 1810 (Henry Ford Museum) till the Hugh brothers crafted the Grecian chair. The Finlay brothers worked at times together like when designing the Grecian couch and sometimes apart. Together, they provided to the high demands of hand painted high style furniture for people during the Royal empire styles of design. There was a huge improvement in wealth and class during that period which prompts the Finlay brothers to create luxury goods that promoted a neoclassicism American empire taste. It was in Baltimore where the Finlay brothers generated a large quantity of classical period furniture. The furniture they built were â€Å"stylish, decorated furniture for a wealthy clientele† (Fodera, 183) before 1815, till they met Benjamin Henry Latrobe. Latrobe teamed up with the brothers to create â€Å"confident interpretation of the Greco-Roman aesthetic† style, with â€Å"careful attention given to every detail† (Fodera, 184) so that the brothers were able to create furniture for wealthy residences in Philadelphia and many other people in Maryland. The Finlay brothers, with Latrobe partnering up, constructed some pieces of furniture to showcase in the Waln commission where they were able to showcase the â€Å"neoclassical style as well as the concept of a total approach to household decoration in America† (Fodera, 184) that influenced their direction. This led to Latrobe commissioning the Finlay brothers to decorated the drawing room in the White house for the President James and Dolley Madison in 1808, where a â€Å"set of 36 chairs, two sofas, and four settees† (Fodera, 184) were built. Unfortunately, the furniture remains no more after the White House burned in the fire of 1814. The only thing remaining is the drawings the Finlay brothers made with Latrobe’s instructions on it. However, the fame from constructing furniture for the president, their partnership with Latrobe, and the influences of classical Greek and Roman designs with controlled palettes, led the Finlay brothers to travel Europe by 1810. This is where Hugh Finlay discovered the Empire motif and brought it back to America where with John helped develop quickly a â€Å"familiarity and comfort with the neoclassical idiom† that was readily apparent in the field. They became the first firm to readily advertise painted classical furniture with great success. The trip to Europe and back by the Finlay brothers was one of the first Americans who brought the Grecian-Roman revival to the public. After the War of 1812, a sense of renewal of a better time became a distinct interest to designers as well as the public. With the help of the Finlay brothers, â€Å"there was a civility and sophistication in the late neoclassical ideals† (Greene, 122) that mirrored the continued success of the newborn America. Thus from it grew the early empire style furniture in America, which featured elegant and delicate furniture with waterleaf carving being one of the favorite treatments like the Grecian couch. The Grecian style in which the Finlay brothers pulled from was perfected in the 5th century B. C. and it stayed as a furniture with curving lines and elegant simplicity till the emergence of the American empire style that pulled directly from it in the early 1800s. The height to the American Empire style furniture that featured Grecian sofas and couches as their forefront was after the War of 1812 to about 1830, were the â€Å"obsession with the aesthetic styles of the ancient civilizations† (Greene, 124) was at its peak. Some people might get confused between the Egyptian and Grecian couch due to the similarity between the materials and style of carvings with animalistic foots that they both have. This might be due to the fact that Greece and Egypt are so close to each other and culture intermingled during the Roman period. An important distinction, however, when comparing between the Egyptian and Grecian couch is that the Egyptian Couch has no back frame, nor an arm rest. The Grecian couch lacked the separate headrest, which was common in Egypt (Boger â€Å"Guide to Furniture Styles, 5). What makes this couch Grecian is that the backs of all Grecian couches do â€Å"not extend over the entire area of the couch, but leaves a portion of the seat without a back, indicating that the couch was intended to be used for reclining† (Miller), and not only for a place to sit. As seen in Greek and other classical paintings, the chair is used as a place to lay and pose for artist to paint portraits. A famous portrait known as â€Å"Portrait of Madame Recamier† by Jacques Louis David in 1800 illustrates the ideal image of how one would imagine how to sit in such a delicate couch. One could imagine a lady reposing gracefully on the couch with a fan open chatting and flirting with gentleman. The Grecian couch is meant to display beauty and also represent class in order to decorate the room. The second function and more modern coined term for the style like the Grecian couch is the â€Å"fainting couch† better known as a couch in a room that’s used to catch elegant women who often happen to faint, relax, or encounter a dizzy spell. The Grecian couch could have been a couch for women who needed to fall down onto something that would catch them. It was common for people at the time to have a couch like that in there home in order to provide the women with someplace to be distraught so they can relax. Women was in no doubt the primary target for Grecian style designer, it quickly became popular in the early 1800s with both European and American interest in acquiring these couches in order to display not only wealth but the elegance of having a couch that would function as a designated fainting location. It’s quite possible that the blood vassal tightening corsets worn by women at the time could have influenced the effects of having fainting spells. The clothes worn by women and the amount of time spent at home worrying about there husband might have a contribution. Another theory is the need for a couch that could be used to keep women comfortable enough for doctors to treat their female hysteria when anything unfortunate happens. The influences of the Grecian couch or fainting couch would later create a room known as the fainting room where the couch would be the centerpiece with other calming furniture and paintings would surround the room. During the period right after the War in 1812, also known as the American Revolution, resurgence of a want for peace but also the reminder of the past where fear and death was always around, the fainting couch had its role in comforting women. The Grecian couch became a symbol to wealthy women as the couch used for comforting themselves when mentally stressed. The psychological advantage for the Grecian couch is found today as an example in the hit TV Show on AMC called Madmen where Betty Francis purchases a Grecian couch because she is mentally stressed out that she couldn’t be the perfect woman for Don Draper. At the same time she worries that he might be cheating on her. The act of buying a Grecian chair and resting on it could have meant many things, but to Betty it was a way to escape the awkward 60s after World War II. Today, Grecian couches are used to display elegance and grace much like it did in the past, usually as a centerpiece for the room. New designs and more padding must have increase the comfort of the couch, so women today will use it to primarily to sleep, rest and read their books in. The design change keeps the Grecian chair elegant but with added comfort. It acts like a modern half bed for women to be comfortable and pretty in, just as they would look in a painting.

Seven Rules For Observational Research Essay -- essays research papers

Seven rules for observational research: how to watch people do stuff Observational research, ethnography, or, in plain English, watching people do stuff, seems to be hot these days. Newsweek touts it ("Enough Talk," August 18, 1997), which means it’s getting to be mainstream, but I find that a lot of clients aren’t very comfortable with it. Certainly, compared to traditional focus groups, mini-groups, or one-on-one interviews, observational research accounts for a pitiably small portion of most research budgets. Yogi Berra’s famous line that "You can observe a lot just by watching" is widely acknowledged, but observation remains the most under-utilized qualitative technique in marketing research. One of the reasons seems to be that many clients (and researchers) just don’t know how to get value out of watching. Nothing sours people on a good approach more permanently than a few "interesting but useless" projects. Learning from watching is, in fact, hard. If you ask a not-very-deep question in a focus group, you still may get a deep and revealing answer. But if you don’t know how to think about what you’ll see when you watch normal people doing stuff, you won’t learn much from it. And in observational research, as in all qualitative research, it’s the "thinking about" that’s the key. Since observation skills don’t get sharpened up in real life the way questioning skills do, you need to train yourself to see, learn, and think when you watch people do stuff. It takes some practice, and some discipline. I don’t pretend to have mastered the art, but I’ve learned some techniques that will help. So here are my "Seven Rules for Observational Research." Look for the ordinary, not the extraordinary Remember the qualitative project when the lady in the third seat on the right side of the table told the story that really made it all come clear to you? You know how you wait behind the mirror for the moderator to show the new concept so you can hear real consumers respond to it for the first time and all the questions that have been running around your mind for weeks will finally be answered? That’s probably not going to happen in an observational study. Most observational projects I’ve worked on have begun with a pretty nervous period while we all get past our first impression that nothing’s happening! People aren... ...go about certain situation etc. All in all, he gives the impression just as he explained at the beginning â€Å"Yogi Berra’s famous line that "You can observe a lot just by watching" is widely acknowledged, but observation remains the most under-utilized qualitative technique in marketing research. â€Å". I agree with Walt Dicke. Although his seven-steps are not literally found in our marketing book, his point should be well addressed. Firms are not really pushing the observation research as they should be. It’s an excellent tool for the marketing researcher to record behavioural patterns as Walt Dickie was trying to point out in Rules 1,2,3. A wide variety of information can be obtained. Although some major disadvantages to observation research are that attitudes, expectations, intentions are not observable, Walt Dickie suggests following rules 4,5,6 to help alleviate from these problems. He also suggests that when the information is gathered that a qualitative analysis be done. Whether it’s time-consuming or not or whether it under-utilized by many one thing is certain and that is that observation is the most direct, and at times the only method for collecting certain data.

Management and Ethics Essay -- essays research papers

Management Delegation Delegation can be summarized as the process of functioning and working through others to ensure the completion of a project. For proper delegation, management must possess the proper planning and patience skills for effective and successful delegation to occur. Phases of Delegation For effective delegation to lead to the completion and success of a project, management must have a set plan in what needs to be delegated and to know whom the task should be delegated. In planning, management must meet with the chosen person in order to describe, in detail, the assignment and reasoning for the work being delegated. In organizing the completion of a project, management needs to establish when and where to meet with personnel in order to review the progress and plan for the next stages. When a properly organized project is delegated, the amount of time is freed up from one specific person, which makes for fewer mistakes and allows for others’ skills and capabilities to develop. In addition, new ideas and opinions with how to go about completing the project are _____________. Once a project is underway and boundaries and responsibilities have been set, management needs to properly monitor, encourage and support those around. It is very important that employees feel appreciated and that they are a part of the project’s success. A person’s efforts and work must be acknowledged, accepted and rewarded. When management delegates work, and takes the appreciation without giving credit to the personnel who worked just as hard to achieve the successful completion of the project, even if it just is a simple â€Å"you did a great job†, the next project will not receive the same amount of attention and success. â€Å"Sometimes delegation does mean lowering your own exacting standards and letting people find their own solutions and ways of doing things. But delegation can also give you the opportunity to give people the support they need to accomplish the job without being up to your elbows in the work yourself. Delegation is an art, a key management skill that involves a lot more than just getting the work done.† (Impact Factory 2001). Legal Delegation Depending on the project to be accomplished, management needs two questions to be answered: what needs to be delegated by identifying the portions of the subject of which to delegate; and who is capable of handlin... ...rt how plaintiff’s appeal brief was supported. Of course, the deadline for our reply was quickly approaching; therefore, the attorney needed this information within the same day. In order to properly manage the timing and information sought, I needed to delegate a portion of this research to get the job done, but to allow myself more time in order to tackle the bigger issues. After meeting with and discussing the information needed, parameters were set and a degree of authority was given to others who saw this opportunity as a way to be recognized by management. Because various portions of this mission were sourced out, time was freed up from everyone having this burden on themselves and it developed other people's skills and capabilities on how, where and why to research and new ideas were generated in how to complete the work in a more organized, efficient way. As with anything in life, delegation has positive and negative aspects. However, with proper planning, accurate organization, motivation and the value of learning, delegating a project or being assigned a task is educational, valuable and rewarding for the future, especially when the outcome is a successful job well done. Management and Ethics Essay -- essays research papers Management Delegation Delegation can be summarized as the process of functioning and working through others to ensure the completion of a project. For proper delegation, management must possess the proper planning and patience skills for effective and successful delegation to occur. Phases of Delegation For effective delegation to lead to the completion and success of a project, management must have a set plan in what needs to be delegated and to know whom the task should be delegated. In planning, management must meet with the chosen person in order to describe, in detail, the assignment and reasoning for the work being delegated. In organizing the completion of a project, management needs to establish when and where to meet with personnel in order to review the progress and plan for the next stages. When a properly organized project is delegated, the amount of time is freed up from one specific person, which makes for fewer mistakes and allows for others’ skills and capabilities to develop. In addition, new ideas and opinions with how to go about completing the project are _____________. Once a project is underway and boundaries and responsibilities have been set, management needs to properly monitor, encourage and support those around. It is very important that employees feel appreciated and that they are a part of the project’s success. A person’s efforts and work must be acknowledged, accepted and rewarded. When management delegates work, and takes the appreciation without giving credit to the personnel who worked just as hard to achieve the successful completion of the project, even if it just is a simple â€Å"you did a great job†, the next project will not receive the same amount of attention and success. â€Å"Sometimes delegation does mean lowering your own exacting standards and letting people find their own solutions and ways of doing things. But delegation can also give you the opportunity to give people the support they need to accomplish the job without being up to your elbows in the work yourself. Delegation is an art, a key management skill that involves a lot more than just getting the work done.† (Impact Factory 2001). Legal Delegation Depending on the project to be accomplished, management needs two questions to be answered: what needs to be delegated by identifying the portions of the subject of which to delegate; and who is capable of handlin... ...rt how plaintiff’s appeal brief was supported. Of course, the deadline for our reply was quickly approaching; therefore, the attorney needed this information within the same day. In order to properly manage the timing and information sought, I needed to delegate a portion of this research to get the job done, but to allow myself more time in order to tackle the bigger issues. After meeting with and discussing the information needed, parameters were set and a degree of authority was given to others who saw this opportunity as a way to be recognized by management. Because various portions of this mission were sourced out, time was freed up from everyone having this burden on themselves and it developed other people's skills and capabilities on how, where and why to research and new ideas were generated in how to complete the work in a more organized, efficient way. As with anything in life, delegation has positive and negative aspects. However, with proper planning, accurate organization, motivation and the value of learning, delegating a project or being assigned a task is educational, valuable and rewarding for the future, especially when the outcome is a successful job well done.

Attitudes Toward Global Warming Environmental Sciences Essay

Climate alteration ( Global Warming ) or upwind conditions change ( Climate Change ) is the planetary mean temperature addition of the consequence of planetary heating. Or at our well-known name in the Greenhouse Effect by planetary heating. Which is the cause of increased human emanations of C dioxide from firing assorted fuels, transit and industrial production. In add-on, we have added human group azotic oxide gas. Fluid and chloro Robert C ( CFC ) to besides at the same time. With our film editing and devastation of immense woods to make installations for work forces. Pull out the mechanism of C dioxide out of the clime system is to cut down efficiency. In most things. We have done the universe has come back to us in the mode of all the planetary heating phenomenon caused by planetary heating is the cause of assorted toxic emanations from mills. Sunlight penetrates the ambiance to the Earth even more. That is known by the call that Greenhouse conditions. For the universe ‘s atmosphere consists of nitrogen 78 % O 21 % Ar gas is 0.9 % out of steam. And a little sum of C dioxide. Although N, O and Ar are cardinal constituents of the ambiance. But it does non act upon planetary temperature. In contrast, larger gas molecules such as methane, H2O vapour and C dioxide in the ambiance, even a small. To hold the ability to absorb infrared radiation. And act uponing planetary temperature warm We call this the gas them. â€Å" Greenhouse gases † ( Greenhouse gas ) because the belongingss of heat keeping. Without nursery gases already. Earth ‘s surface temperature is merely -18 grades Celsius, which means that all H2O on Earth will go ice. Global warming consequence in higher planetary temperatures. In the last 10 old ages, The 2538 – 2549 as the hottest twelvemonth of all time recorded since 2539 and runing polar ice incident sea degree rise. Including terrible natural catastrophes from climate alteration events throughout the universe such as hurricanes typhoon mudslide drouth and implosion therapy across Asia and Central America. While Europe faced with the terrible heat moving ridge. This demonstrates the sensitive nature of the mechanism of the universe are numbering on the progressively violent state of affairs, planetary heating causes of clime variableness and seasonal rainfall Are impacting a?†ºaa? ° Taste of Thailand is no different from other states in the universe by detecting from a natural catastrophe that occurred in recent old ages, Thailand has the drouth storm and inundation impacts of planetary heating. The obvious short-run to Thailand has caused harm to many agricultural merchandises. The impact such. May impact the position of Thailand ‘s agricultural production is the top of the universe. Including trade publicity scheme Thai Kitchen to the kitchen universe, particularly Thailand ‘s cardinal harvests such as rice because of studies of International Rice Research Institute in China found that Higher temperatures in a rice pollen, which affects really sensitive to temperature non on the rice mixture. The spike in seedless From the study would impact the fabrication sector and export Thai rice in the hereafter If the clime more intense. The behaviour of human life is more comfy in all activities about day-to-day energy ingestion is related to about every human being is a portion in doing planetary heating. And causes planetary warming affect people really much. Therefore, it is the responsibility of every individual every unit every organisation must work together to cut down planetary heating that is go oning to our ain endurance. Rajamangala University of Technology as a aggregation and supply cognition and information society. Has of import functions. To assist cut down planetary heating in the direction of endeavor itself and the medium in the run to cut down planetary heating to those who are in all ages so everyone is cognizant of responsibility to assist. cut down planetary heating.1.2 Statement of the job.1. Most pupils used bike used autos than. 2. Students do non assist to divide waste before go forthing to each type of rubbish. 3. Students and stores, most normally used plastic froth is most. 4. Students do non assist salvage energy.1.3 Research Aims1. Goal of cut downing planetary heating in order to develop consciousness of everyone to assist the run about things that do non impact the clime. 2. For seek the manner will to assist to conserve the energy and utilize the resource that exist are born uppermost advantage. 3. For grow the witting can give a individual realizes the consequence from planetary heating. 4. For fight give pupils turns to go to in the cooperation decreases planetary heating.1.4 Scope of researchThe research is studied about the Attitude toward planetary heating ; A run the pupils in RMUTT. The instance to the job is every bit follow: To analyze the job of the most pupils used bike than used autos in RMUTT. To work out the job of the pupils do non assist to divide waste before go forthing to each type of rubbish at RMUTT. To analyze the job of Students and stores, most normally used plastic froth is most at RMUTT. To work out the job of Students do non assist salvage energy at RMUTT.1.5 Restrictions of the ResearchIn research, we may hold jobs that can non be controlled, such as non understanding the inquiry. A inquiry non to collaborate or non. Different attitudes of the Gulf population study such as the apprehension of planetary heating.1.6 Significance of the StudyBenefits of the survey the causes and jobs of planetary heating to cognize that the act should be how avoid extra jobs. We can happen a manner to protect nature and assist the universe more rich people and animate beings have adequate nutrient and lodging demands.1.7 Definition of Footings1.Carbon dioxide ( chemical expression CO2 ) is a chemical compound composed of two O atoms covalently bonded to a individual C atom. It is a gas at standard temperature and force per unit area and exists in Earth ‘s ambiance in this province. CO2 is a hint gas consisting 0.039 % of the ambiance. Carbon dioxide will retain some heat in the universe. Not reflect back into the ambiance, There is no atmosphere filtered energy from the Sun ) is doing the universe warm. 2.Methane is a comparatively powerful nursery gas. Compared with C dioxide, it has a high planetary warming potency of 72 Methane is a chemical compound with the chemical expression CH4. It is the simplest methane series, and the chief constituent of natural gas. Methane ‘s bond angles are 109.5 grades. Burning methane in the presence of O green goodss C dioxide and H2O. The comparative copiousness of methane makes it an attractive fuel. However, because it is a gas at normal temperature and force per unit area, methane is hard to transport from its beginning. methane will retain some heat in the universe. Not reflect back into the ambiance, otherwise the universe will all go like the Moon. The cold at dark ( and daytime heat. There is no atmosphere filtered energy from the Sun ) is doing the universe warm to this Similar to the rules of the nursery ( where the harvests ) is called the nursery. 3. Gas azotic oxide ( N2O ) . Of human industry, such as azotic acid used in the production procedure, plastic, nylon industry, chemical industry, fuel combustion remains of workss and animate beings, fertiliser, and firing woods. Global warming ensuing in 6 % 4. Gas incorporating chloro Fluid Organic Carbon Road ( CFCS ) . Industries such as human. And equipment used in day-to-day life, such as froth, spray tins, infrigidation ; Refrigerator Air, the devastation ( and the gas is chemically good with the ozone in the atmospheric ozone decreased or defect in the ozone bed ) .Chapter 22.1 Definition and Features of the Independent VariableWe would cognize that planetary heating caused by nursery gases in the ambiance excessively. Greenhouse gases include C dioxide, an of import 1. Caused by the firing fuel to utilize. Peoples who own these gas emanations come out a batch of energy to be used. How much more we consume. The more nursery gases to come out more closely. If we consider the rate of energy ingestion during the past half-arrow be found consistent with the addition of C dioxide gas in the air every bit good. And non likely to worsen during the close hereafter. Phenomena that occurs is uninterrupted. In fact, the intervention procedure itself in the universe. If it is a status that occurs of course. The universe will return to equilibrium in a clip non long earlier. But because we worlds accelerate production of nursery gases out extra capacity. The universe to mend yourself to maintain up. The happening of rapid planetary heating and serious had happened. Decision is. Causes of planetary heating this is the adult male.2.2 Theories Related to the Independent Variable ( s )X 1. Most pupils used bike used autos than bikes.Used autos and trucks is one of the most environmentally destructive behaviour, and so it is that most of us combined besides cause air pollution, autos and trucks are doing H2O pollution. ( Due to production and gasolene ) and they want the route harm to natural landscape and wildlife. Fortunately, the transit options including walking, bike and vehicle for, an option that works for pupils, UVM possible, but fortuitously du e to web major prosaic paths bicycle friendly rather get around Burlington is non fossil fuel ingestion or bring forth pollution. However, many of UVM is the figure of autos and SUVs when the pupil must be certain beyond walking will hold the option drive Chittenden County Transportation Authority ( CCTA ) Car-free! It besides can be used skateboard, bike, skates roller, monocycle, or places with constitutional heelwheels, wheeling around the metropolis and the university is an option that works non merely you did non lend to pollution in the air you get in form The best and reasonably cool to see the walk / run / skip / sashaying means to have a good unit of ammunition.X 2. Students do non assist to divide waste before go forthing to each type of rubbish.Waste direction systems affect the environment and techniques in several ways. To cut down environmental impact and intervention of biological resources and keep environmental betterment and sustainability benefits originating from alterations in waste direction for environmental benefits compared to fire with no cost increase Very utile, particularly in the environmental impact. In waste separation will ensue in cut downing the happening of planetary heating, excessively. This will ensue in society and the state has to populate with rich resources, which the campus can supply pupils with separate waste before go forthing and to be easy to divide or convey back to new Would be good to the pollution around the university besides reviewing.X 3. Students and stores, most normally used plastic froth is most.The research in Australian survey presents the findings of a life-cycle appraisal ( LCA ) that examined whether a re-use and recycle scheme for a plastic-based packaging that well reduces the measure of waste to landfill would besides cut down the overall environmental load. To relieve social concerns over the increased rate of resource ingestion and waste production, policy shapers have encouraged recycling a nd reuse schemes to cut down the demand for natural stuffs and diminish the measure of waste to landfill. Therefore, in the country around Rajamangala University of Technology pupils, eating house should collaborate Separate fictile waste from other waste. In order to be recycled or decently destroyed to salvage resources for the hereafter and besides assist to cut down planetary heating is another manner.X4. Students do non assist salvage energy.The research with instruction and an inducement, involvement, motivate and authorise college pupils to cut down resource usage in residence halls in USA. In a post-competition study, pupils reported that they would go on preservation patterns developed during the competition and that they would see web-based real-time informations even in the absence of competition. So in Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi should be motive college pupils to cut down resource usage in university for salvaging resource to utilize in the hereafter and it will besides assist cut down planetary heating.2.3 Critical Analysis / treatment of the Theories Related to the Independent VariableJames Hansen and other advocates of the theory that worlds are doing a unsafe alteration in the Earth ‘s clime base their belief on several sets of informations ( eg, temperatures, nursery gas degrees and climate phenomena ) . Ground-level temperature measurings show the Earth has warmed between 0.3 grades and 0.6 grades Celsius in the last century Atmospheric C dioxide ( CO 2 ) , a primary nursery gas, has increased by about 30 per centum in the last century and a half Using these facts to imitate atmospheric conditions in computerized clime theoretical accounts, some scientists infer that the Earth ‘s current heating is due to the addition in atmospheric CO 2 caused chiefly by the usage of fossil fuels ( oil, coal and gas ) . Harmonizing to the theoretical accounts, absent a crisp and immediate decrease in the degree of CO 2 emanations, the Earth will warm a farther 0.8 grades to 3.5 grades Celsius over the following 100 old ages. Advocates of the theoretical accounts argue the Earth ‘s heating will do such catastrophes as lifting ocean degrees from runing polar ice caps, increased hurricane activity and terrible drouths. Global warming theory remainders on three basiss: clime theoretical accounts, scientific analyses of past and present clime informations and tendencies, and the averment that increases in nursery gases drive up planetary temperatures. This is James Hansen ‘s theory that we use to cite what we are about to larn about planetary heating.2.4 Discussion of the Dependent Variable1. First, In 1989, End of Nature warned about the oncoming of planetary warming Rereading it now seems more watchful to the background illustration of the text which we live big. But possibly he might undervaluing. Obstruction of the big and the economic benefits that survival depends on our failure to admit our relationship with nature changed radically faster large planetary heating. Changes threaten to rule our civilisation. Sea is swelling with heat and will go on to increase at least a century. Confirmed and expanded. What I heard last twelvemonth James Hansen parliamentary commission warned that clime a lteration is at manus. Following, Nipponese bike industry, energy aid plan the first paradigm pedal. Hybrid electric motorcycle in 1993 after several old ages of design item will be developed in assorted signifiers of electrical energy rhythm. Electric Bicycle cut down dependance on foreign oil and pollution of the economic potency of solar power. While, Decrease in heat conveyance in horizontal appropriate extratropics is surprising to happen decreased public presentation in the heat conveyance extratropical. Found merely in the appropriate response to climate balance estimation for the 2nd response times of ocean CO2 and non in the state of affairs of clime alteration temporarily All the replies are the consequence of the strong addition in low vapour tropospheric. For illustration, One of the biggest wrongdoers in contending planetary heating is a dodo of the metropolis so much nursery gas emanations over some metropolis guide to new engineerings, while some ideal modern reading of the yesteryear. What this metropolis has set ends for their ain rules of what they do will be reviewed in the class of this paper is the ideal of sustainable metropoliss. The aim of this research is to better define rules of healthy metropoliss and metropoliss in footings of lodging and urban environment at the centre of activity and lifestyle alterations. From the design of substructure design, edifice and conveyance industries have a batch to be done to do the metropolis a good tantrum with the sustainability. Addition, The latest scientific information confirm that planetary clime is altering quickly. Global temperatures increased by about 1 degree Fahrenheit in the last century and make be given to turn more quickly in the past decennary in the 2001 study IPCC, clime alteration scenarios predicted under different CO2. Under planetary heating, such as ecosystems may react otherwise in the hereafter, but hard to foretell alterations in more complex because future clime alterati on depends on the degree of exchange of land atmosphere ocean and atmosphere C flux. These state of affairss can be changed by the exchange of thoughts between ecosystems and clime under planetary heating in the hereafter. Consequently, Global clime alteration is altering ecology of infective substances and driving the disease in worlds and wildlife, the effects of rate of development of clime parts are vulnerable to climate alteration and whether this tendency. expected to go on to run the basic apprehension and reacting to climate alteration in other countries – parasite system in the Arctic and around the universe. Therefore, Analysis of economic system to the terminal of the involvement of society to make a profile of a shared vision of sustainability and supply visibleness for Development conference that the audit resources required to accomplish the vision and measure the suitableness of market mechanisms in the allotment of resources necessary to stop the demand. Howev er, There are many ways that others might be encouraged to go forth their autos at place and travel by bike to a local inducements for investing in banking, which allows others bikes around the country on two wheels without. Some of the motorcycle test motorcycle from the Bank is non success at all. But in recent old ages the system. Much better motorcycle and is rather successful and was impressed both with Infrastructure and how it works. In about every metropolis street corner with serried Top of bright ruddy motorcycle for general usage bikes to take one of these up at any motorcycle station and left. And other costs low is to allow by Rural people have been adapted to many friends around the level broad avenues and many now use particular prosaic and bike centre of Lyon has been changed by this enterprise and it is cleaner and longer.Meanwhile, Using bike safety and behaviour in Paris, Boston, and Amsterdam bikes and rider population apprehension of bike safety and behaviour. Y ou notice in the helmets and utilizing visible radiations at dark, planning, transit and security experts can larn about advancing cycling and making safe bicyclefriendly environment.. Last, Daily motion of people go to university in the auto combustion fuel is one of the largest impact of instruction is one of the most environmentally destructive behaviour, and so it is that most of our things. following add-on. To do air pollution, autos and trucks are doing pollution, so we should work together helps cut down air pollution, whether as a skateboard, bike, skates roller, monocycle, or places with constitutional heelwheels, wheeling. around the metropolis and the university is an option that works non merely you did non lend to pollution in the air you get in form good and can be reasonably cool walk / tally / skip / sidling besides means the good of the ain to assist protect the environment. 2. First, To see environmental impacts that may happen ( PEI ) of the chemical procedure to supply a method of chemical waste separation procedure is environmentally friendly design. These indices compare the features used in the design procedure stairss to cut down environmental impacts for inside informations about these types of measuring to be known or presented. Case survey illustrations will supply illustrations of the aims of the algorithms used within the waste separation of design and simulation. Following to, Greenhouse impacts of alternate municipal waste direction ironss are assessed. The considered option ironss consisted of landfilling, landfill gas recovery and flaring or energy production, biological intervention and incineration of wastes. The most favorable options to restrict the nursery impact due to blow direction are those that minimize the methane emanations to the ambiance. For illustration, Waste separation in Hat Yai in southern Thailand The development of e nvironmental and public cooperation in the production and take part in the sorting of waste has been proven to be the biggest factor. If successful waste separation at beginning, the metropolis had an thought to plan and develop better. Addition, This article summarized the importance of recycling waste plastics and waste plastics. Separation based on analysis of physical and chemical belongingss of plastics. Plastic waste, the possible and restrictions of procedure engineering, many treatments. Besides check the surface chemical science of floatation of plastics, it can offer. Concluded that plastics floatation is a technique that is rather flexible and can be proved. Process utile for dividing a mixture of different types of plastic. Consequently, Waste direction systems affect the environment and to cut down environmental impacts, including increased agricultural usage. Use of resources and non merely the consequence of alterations in therapy. But most are. The consequence of alt erations in environing systems. ( Energy and agribusiness ) ensuing from alterations in waste direction for substance flow analysis system. Different intervention of the waste analysis: thermic burn. Sub-fermentation and recovery. anaerobiotic effluent intervention. Therefore, Material recycling has been analysing the impact of planetary heating are certain to happen what extent Will be ranked between recycling and landfilling firing stuff made from identified resources that are frequently used. But ne'er the less energy intensive and less planetary warming impact than the pure beginning. Ranking between recycling and firing paper is sensitive to the quality of the paper, such as power beginnings to avoid combustion and energy factory. However, The building industry is the major solid waste generator in Hong Kong. In add-on, the positions of the edifice industry participants were besides obtained through a questionnaire study to give a better apprehension of their attitude on on-sit e waste screening. The consequences indicate that the edifice building participants are loath to transport out on-site waste sorting. Even when high a tipping fee is imposed, they have small incentive to execute on-site waste screening which is considered to be clip and labour demanding. While, Pay the national jurisprudence in Thailand in 2000, endorsed the rules of † recycling † before go forthing and clearly defined agitation as an option for the intervention of organic waste. It besides recommended the demand for a separate waste intervention and most events whirling out of storage to cut down the loss to the community oven service country. Ability to open and deconcentrate intervention program based on agitation of municipal country sufficient And keep the natural balance and prevent planetary heating. Meanwhile, Greenhouse gas ( GHG ) emanation decrease is an interesting manner to assist maintain H2O clean engineering and waste separation will assist cut down pollu tion by utilizing the approved United Nations Therefore, the decrease of nursery gas emanations. And credits can assist countervail dearly-won than incorporating aerophilic production environment clean and acceptable. Superior technologies replace current anaerobiotic lagunas in the United States. Last, Avoid the consequence of intervention of waste disposal in landfill gas to the debasement of micro-organisms. Seriously see the current environment and installations at bing and new Besides possible wellness jeopardies, these concerns include but are non limited, to divide waste affect air pollution, planetary heating. 3. Climate alteration is predicted to be most terrible parts and there has been much involvement in to what extent beings can get by with these alterations through phenotypic malleability or microevolutionary procedures. However The consequence of planetary warming depends on the complex interaction between the human host population and the causative infective agent. public wellness substructure, go forthing worlds ill prepared for unexpected epidemics. Global heating will surely impact the copiousness and distribution of disease vectors. So Recycling of waste stuffs has been analysed from a life rhythm position in a figure of surveies over the past 10-15 old ages. Publications comparing the planetary heating impact and entire energy usage of recycling versus incineration and landfilling were reviewed in order to happen out to what extent The ranking between recycling and incineration of paper is sensitive to for case paper quality, energy beginning avoided by incineration, and energ y beginning at the factory. Following Recent planetary warming threatens many species and has already caused population- and species-level extinctions. In peculiar, high hazards of extinction are expected for stray populations of species with low dispersion abilities the ultimate driver of a species response to climate alteration, have been most frequently neglected. Including the hurtful effects of fictile dust on the marine environment were reviewed A big figure of marine species is known to be harmed and/or killed by fictile dust, which could endanger their endurance, particularly since many are already endangered by other signifiers of anthropogenetic activities. Of research in Australian survey presents the findings of a life-cycle appraisal ( LCA ) that examined whether a re-use and recycle scheme for a plastic-based packaging that well reduces the measure of waste to landfill would besides cut down the overall environmental load. To relieve social concerns over the increased rate of resource ingestion and waste production, policy shapers have encouraged recycling and reuse schemes to cut down the demand for natural stuffs and diminish the measure of waste to landfill. And this survey reviews different attacks to the political and economic control of planetary public goods like planetary heating. It compares quantity-oriented control mechanisms like the Kyoto Protocol with price-type control mechanisms such as internationally harmonized C revenue enhancements. By so the rapid and widespread outgrowth of an anti-plastic shopping bag norm and associated regulative policies around the universe in recent old ages forces are believing of current apprehensions of norm kineticss and policy execution. Drumhead planetary heating will do alterations in the epidemiology of infective diseases. The ability of world to respond or accommodate is dependent upon the magnitude and velocity of the alteration. The result will besides depend on our ability to acknowledge epidemics early, to incorporate them efficaciously, to supply appropriate intervention, and to perpetrate resources to bar and research 4. ‘Global warming ‘ is a phrase that refers to the consequence on the clime of human ‘greenhouse gases ‘ of which the most of import is carbon dioxide. Such gases absorb infrared radiation emitted by the Earth ‘s surface and act as covers over the surface maintaining it warmer. If the clime warms in the hereafter, will at that place be an intensification of the H2O rhythm and, if so, the nature of that intensification? Intensification of the H2O rhythm may take to alterations in water-resource handiness, an addition in the frequence and strength of tropical storms, inundations, and drouths, and an elaboration of warming through the H2O vapour feedback. No affair how H2O vapour is the dominant nursery gas, the most of import gaseous beginning of infrared opacity in the ambiance. As the concentrations of other nursery gases, peculiarly C dioxide, addition because of human activity, it is centrally of import to foretell how the H2O vapour distribution will be affected. To the extent that H2O vapour concentrations addition in a warmer universe, the climatic effects of the other nursery gases will be amplified. So the same decision applies for PFC ( PFCs ) , though they are less normally used as refrigerants. Integrated appraisal of ozone depletion, planetary heating, and atmospheric life-time provides indispensable indicants in the absence of ideal refrigerants, viz. those free of these jobs every bit good as safety, stableness, compatibility, cost, and similar loads. Because of the heat-island effects, a rise in temperature can hold important impacts. Urban trees and high-albedo surfaces can countervail or change by reversal the heat-island consequence. Extenuation of urban heat islands can potentially cut down national energy usage in air conditioning by 20 % and salvage over $ 10B per twelvemonth in energy usage. So that the primary chances in changing zone setpoints in an optimum manner are associated with switching chilling tonss from daylight to nighttime to ( 1 ) cut down peak electrical demands, ( 2 ) take advantage of low nighttime electrical rates, ( 3 ) countervail mechanical chilling with â€Å" free † chilling at dark, and ( 4 ) enhance equipment operation at more favourable part-load conditions. However, the cost nest eggs depend strongly on several factors including 1 ) public-service corporation rate construction, 2 ) part-load features of the chilling works and air managing system, 3 ) weather,4 ) the tenancy agenda, and 5 ) edifice thermic electrical capacity. And cut-off of the anthropogenetic heat from air-conditioning installations could bring forth a.cooling energy salvaging up to 6 % with the out-of-door air-temperature lessening by more than 1oC.So the cost effectivity of different illuming engineering options was besides calculated. Electricity engineering option is cost effectual in two out of the five room classs that were examined. The cost effectual installing of energy effici ent illuming engineerings at Melbourne University are identified: ( a ) low illuming system operating hours, ( B ) the low cost of electricity and ( degree Celsius ) the high cost of energy efficient illuming components.In add-on Urban shadiness trees offer important benefits in cut downing constructing air-conditioning demand and up urban air quality by cut downing smog. The nest eggs associated with these benefits vary by clime part and can be up to $ 200 per tree. More of all time the research provide grounds that real-time resource feedback systems, when combined with instruction and an inducement, involvement, motivate and authorise college pupils to cut down resource usage in residence halls.2.5 Relationship of the Independent Variable ( s ) to the Dependent Variable1. Most pupils used bike used autos than.In Case survey about the most pupils used bike, autos than bikes. Global warming due to pupils in most universities are likely to impact a hereafter trip by auto and the bik e is one of the most environmentally destructive behaviour and that of class it is largely In add-on, our combined air pollution in the behaviour that causes planetary heating is an of import issue to cut down the usage of auto sharing. Motorcycle to cut down air pollution.We should work together helps cut down air pollution, whether as a motorcycle skateboard, skates roller, monocycle, or places with constitutional heelwheels, wheeling around the metropolis and the university is non merely the options that work. But you do non lend to aerate pollution that you are in good form and reasonably cool to walk / tally / skip / sashaying means to break their ain to assist protect the environment.2. Students do non assist to divide waste before go forthing to each type of rubbish.In the instance survey of causes and effects that cause planetary warming portion of the causes and impacts from landfills awkward Garbage disposal methods are non. Or waste incorporating toxic substances into the river The consequence will do as many jobs such as Tibial the H2O soluble portion of F mutual opposition impulse as a consequence of that we do non cognize how to divide the waste right. Therefore, all pupils or people should be educated. Learn how to divide refuse decently to avoid impact of planetary heating and incineration the best option to restrict the impact of nursery because waste direction is the people who cut down their emanations of methane in the ambiance. Therefore, waste direction systems affect the environment and to cut down environmental impacts, including addition of agricultural waste direction systems affect the environment and many techniques. To cut down environmental impacts and keep biological resources and bettering environmental sustainability and the benefits originating from alterations in waste direction for environmental benefits compared to the combustion does non be more utile, particularly the. environmental impact. To separate waste will cut down the happening of planetary warming excessively This will enable the society and the state is with a assortment of resources to university pupils to divide waste before go forthing and will be easy to divide or convey back a new unit of ammunition will profit university pollution besides reviewing.3. Students and stores, most normally used plastic froth is most.Case survey jobs that most normally used plastic froth is most. The consequence of planetary warming depends on the complex interaction between the human host population and the causative infective agent. public wellness substructure, go forthing worlds ill prepared for unexpected epidemics. Global heating will surely impact the copiousness and distribution of disease vectors. In the country around Rajamangala University of Technology in stores, eating houses must utilize plastic or foam every twenty-four hours. This will non avoid the impracticable Therefore, the separation between Phe fictile waste from other waste is the b est option. In order to be recycled or decently destroyed to salvage resources for future If you cut down the usage of plastic bags will assist cut down planetary heating because it does non happen once more in the combustion or recycling. Surveies in Australia offer the Life Cycle Assessment ( LCA ) to guarantee that the reuse and recycling schemes for the plastic packaging used to much lower sum of waste landfill will cut down the environment as a whole. To relieve the concerns of society over the rate of addition. Resource usage and production of waste policy Manufacturers support the recycling and reuse schemes. To cut down demand for natural stuffs to cut down landfill waste. If the university is re-use and recycling can be decently destroyed to salvage resources for the hereafter and besides assist to cut down planetary heating is another manner.4. Students do non assist salvage energy.In instance survey about Students do non care about salvaging energy. ‘Global warming ‘ is a phrase that refers to the consequence on the clime of human ‘greenhouse gases ‘ of which the most of import is carbon dioxide. Such gases absorb infrared radiation emitted by the Earth ‘s surface and act as covers over the surface maintaining it warmer. In university, all the edifice utilizing a air conditioner every twenty-four hours. The C dioxide released from air conditioner another account is that cause planetary heating. If pupils do non wish to assist salvage energy, such as opening the appropriate temperature in air conditioning or running H2O expensively. It will do more planetary heating. From the research about motive and authorise college pupils to cut down resource usage in residence halls in USA residence halls that received high declaration feedback were more effectual at preservation, cut downing their electricity ingestion by 55 per centum compared to 31 per centum for low declaration residence halls. If the University adopted induceme nt to salvage resources, cut down resource usage and H2O and electricity on campus. Students will concentrate on salvaging more resources and besides cut down planetary heating every bit good.2.6 Previous SurveiesBy the survey and to supervise alterations on the work of the solar panel. By put ining the solar panel on a panel of 180 324 square metres from the start in 2532 until the present. Found that the solar panel. Have limited utile life that is merely seven old ages to better. The Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency ( DEDE ) to one confer withing disposal and installing of an appropriate circuit more efficient. That resulted in the hot H2O on a regular footing in an sum of 10 thousand litres can be about hundred thousand ticals per twelvemonth within three old ages to pay investing direction entire U.S. $ 2,260,000 Dusit Island Resort, said. Not merely a instance survey of the Dusit Island Resort Dusit Thani Pattaya is merely a 1 in a hotel is concerned about energy efficiency. The Hotel has initiated energy preservation undertakings for over 15 old ages. A A A A A A A A A A Chatchawal Chayanon General Supachai. Dusit Thani Pattaya Dusit Thani Pattaya, said that the activities of assorted energy salvaging methods such as a ) From the energy preservation direction. By turning off the power without the check-in 2 ) alteration a light bulb to salvage energy and Hotel 3 ) be aftering a run to appreciate the value of H2O for more than 10 old ages by puting a effluent intervention pool. To utilize renewable energy You can convey H2O from the H2O and effluent intervention workss. To cut down H2O supply 4 ) is cut down waste. Reduce emanations. Atmosphere. And fresh air within the hotel 5 ) activity in the aftermath of corporate scruples. And guests both Thai and aliens. To appreciate the value of energy Through assorted activities. Held at the hotel 6 ) The country of design parts. The usage of the limited energy-efficient. Hotel Energy Conservation as illustrations.Chapter 3Research ModelsResearch HypothesissHo 1 – There is no relati onship between Attitude toward planetary warming A run in RMUTT toward the Most pupils used bike, autos than bikes. Ha 1 – There is relationship between Attitude toward planetary warming A run in RMUTT toward the Most pupils used bike, autos than bikes. Ho 2 – There is no relationship between Attitude toward planetary warming A run in RMUTT toward the Students do non assist to divide waste before go forthing to each type of rubbish. Ha 2 – There is relationship between Attitude toward planetary warming A run in RMUTT toward the Students do non assist to divide waste before go forthing to each type of rubbish. Ho 3 – There is no relationship between Attitude toward planetary warming A run in RMUTT toward the Students and stores, most normally used plastic froth is most. Ha 3 – There is relationship between Attitude toward planetary warming A run in RMUTT toward the Students and stores, most normally used plastic froth is most. Ho 4 – There is no relationship between Attitude toward planetary warming A run in RMUTT toward the Students do non assist salvage energy. Ha 4 – There is relationship between Attitude toward planetary warming A run in RMUTT toward the Students do non assist salvage energy.3.4 Operationalization of the Independent and Dependent VariablesConceptOperationalizationQuestionHo1: Most pupils used bike, autos than bikes. Be fast. Be convenient. Are the bike and autos excessively fast than bikes? Are the bike and autos it easy to utilize than bikes? Ho2: Students do non assist to divide waste before go forthing to each type of rubbish. They are lazy. They are n't duty. Are the pupils in RMUTT non to collaborate? Are the pupils in RMUTT thinks it non of import? Ho3: Students and stores, most normally used plastic froth is most. It easy to happen. Be careful non to fall interruption. Are the pupils in RMUTT and stores thinks it easy to utilize? Are the pupils in RMUTT and stores used to be go forthing it? Ho4: Students do non assist salvage energy. Bad wonts. Not acknowledge the value of energy. Are the energyenough for the pupils in RMUTT? Are the pupils in RMUTT energy usage wasteful?Chapter 4Research MethodologyMethods of Research UsedCase Study ( CS )A instance survey utilizing the Attitude toword planetary heating compain the pupils in RMUTT which describe the jobs of the Attitude toword planetary heating compain the pupils in RMUTT as follow ; 1. Most pupils used bike than used autos. 2. Students do non assist to divide waste before go forthing to each type of rubbish. 3. Students and stores, most normally used plastic froth is most. 4. Students do non assist salvage energy. A manner to happen replies to do a structured procedure of research from informations aggregation. Data analysis and presentation of stairss the sample, to make tools for research, how to roll up informations, analysis of informations, to reason.Respondent and Sampling ProceduresSampling in research on attitudes to cut down planetary heating run is a research pupil will execute specific group of pupils at Bangkok University undergraduate category direction squad in the 1-4 old ages age range 19-23 old ages. Number of respondents in the sample were approximately 300 samplesBunch SamplingRespondent and Sampling Procedures.Respondent and trying processs of Attitude toward planetary heating ; A run the pupils Rajamangala. Questionnaire in this survey was designed as 3 subdivisions by respondents enter your information in the designated infinites above. Section 1: Information about the respondents such as sex, age, Faculty, and twelvemonth of survey in Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi. Section 2: Questionnaire about attitudes about cut downing planetary heating in Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi such as basic cognition about the planetary heating job, the impact of planetary heating with the pupils. Section 3: Respondents give the suggestions. Please add any remarks.Collection of data/Gathering processsaˆ? The methods to roll up primary informationsThe primary information is collected by take them to the questionnaire to pupils in RMUTT about To assist cut down planetary heating. In the country around the university. When we know about his remarks. After that we took informations from to researchaˆ? The methods to roll up secondary informationsAfter we have collected primary informations about to assist cut down planetary heating. The secondary information is collected by making the information from the book, diary, thesis etc. from the library.Statistical Treatment of informationsThe statistics to utilize in the analysis information is Statistical Package for Social Sciences ( SPSS ) . One is really utile of the research because the plan is respect to use informations. The SPSS cipher the information really good that will acquire the right consequences.