CHF3 Decomposition by Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor

CHF3 Decomposition by Dielectric Barrier acquit ReactorDecomposition of CHF3 by a Dielectric Barrier relieve ReactorDuc Ba Nguyen and Won Gyu Lee*AbstractOxidation of CHF3 was investigated in a dielectric barrier write down reactor was immersed in an electrical insulating oil. The regimen gases was mixed of CHF3, O2 and N2 with O2/N2 ratio of 21/79 bulk/volume. The results obtained that 98.98% of CHF3 in the eat on gases were destruction beneath utilise potency of 7kV, oftenness of 30 kHz wide-cut return rate of ascorbic acid ml/ instant with sign CHF3 parsimony of 5%. Herein, selectivity of CO and carbon copyic acid gas in the products was 3.42% and 91.18%, respectively. Decomposition of CHF3 could be change magnitude by alter plasma condition such(prenominal) as increase apply voltage, increased oftenness and fall initial CHF3 concentration in the feed gases.Keywords CHF3, dielectric barrier flicker, electrical insulating oil, plasma reaction, oxidation of CH F3IntroductionDecomposition of trifluoromethane (CHF3) is high potential reduce greenhouse gases. Because the 100 years global change potential of CHF3 is 12000 1. Several methods have been employed for the decomposition of CHF3 such as thermal process 2-4, particle accelerator 5, 6 plasma or combined plasma with catalyst (CPC) 7-11.Thermal oxidation is one of effective CHF3 decomposition 12. However, HF acid and formation fluorinated compounds existed in the exhaust gas stream along with high consummation temperature (1473 K) 2. It mean that the process is high cost, require material reactor and concern environmental. Thus, other process are required for treatment of exhaust gas such as absorbed acids, cooling process and decomposition of fluorinated compounds before ambient atmospheric emission 2, 11. Catalyst methods could be reduced operation temperatures in the recess of CHF3. However, HF formation and also operation temperature above 500 0C lead to lessen effective of cat alyst 13-15. Several above challenges could be solved by plasma or CPC, including, non-thermal plasma (NTP) is attractive and effective decomposition of CHF3 16, 17. Decomposition of CHF3 in NTP is lead to interaction between of high energy electrons, radicals and gas molecules. Herein, NTP could be generated high energy electrons and radicals under high energy electrical. Therefore, decomposition of CHF3 could be performed at room temperature, ambient atmospheric jam, fast variety and easy recognition by plasma method. However, several researchers have been reported the decomposition of CHF3 by catalyst or CPC with several thousand parts per million of CHF3 in the feed gases 18, 19. It demonstrated that process yields were low. Moreover, the emission source of CHF3 is semiconductor industries, air condition, polystyrene industries and commercial refrigeration. So that the gas desolate included CHF3 and air. Therefore, abatement of CHF3 in the gas waste is need before into atmos phere.In this study, decomposition of CHF3 with Zero Air (21% O2 and 79% N2) performed in a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge reactor under initial CHF3 concentration was not less than 5.0% (v/v). The reactor was immersed in an electrically insulating oil bathtub. Effect of several parts on the reaction investigated, namely, use voltage, applied relative frequency, initial CHF3 concentration in the feed gas. These factors were examined on the decomposition of CHF3 and product components.ExperimentalThe schematic of the experiment setup is shown in Fig. 1. A system is composed of four main parts a feed gas system, an AC high voltage pulse power supply, a plasma reactor, and an analysis system. The reactor has an versed stainless steel stick as the power electrode that is 15 mm in diameter. The power electrode was placed inside a vitreous silica tube as a dielectric barrier. Its outer diameter was 20 mm, and its thickness was 1.5 mm. Therefore, the discharge gap was fixed at 1.0 mm. Copper foil was wrapped around the quartz tube as the ground electrode, and its length was 200 mm. Thus, the discharge volume was about 10 ml. The plasma reactor was immersed in an electrically insulating oil bath (transformed oil provided by Michang Oil, KSC2301). The volume of electrical insulating oil bath was about 5000 ml.AC pulse power supply with 2 kW capacity was apply for plasma ignition, which had a supply voltage and a frequency up to 30 kV (peak-to-peak) and 30 kHz, respectively. The electrical power was controlled by manual readjustment of the applied voltage direct. The power waveforms were recorded by an oscilloscope (Tektronix 2012B). Fig. 2 showed a typical voltage, current, and discharge power waveforms generated under the process condition center flow rate of 100 ml/min with CHF3 in the feed of 5% (v/v), frequency of 30 kHz applied voltage of 7 kV. Discharge power was integral of current and voltage as shown in the equation belowDischarge power (P), (1)All of the experiments were performed at ambient atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The volume of gas products was measured by a soap-bubble flow meter. The composition of the gas products was analyzed by a gas chromatograph (GC, Younglin YL6100GC) equipped with a thermal conductivity detector (TCD) and a flame ionization detector (FID). A CarboxenTM 1010 PLOT capillary mainstay was used in the GC column and the flow rate of Ar as a carrier was 6.0 ml/min. The products of plasma reaction with mixing of CHF3, O2 and N2 included N2O, NO2, COF2, F2, CF4, CO, CO2, CHF3, O2, N2 and so on 19. However, the GC analysis could detect the reaction products including CO, CO2, and CHF3. According to the analysis of the products, the overall conversion, carbon chemical equilibrium and selectivity were defined as follows(2)(3)(4)(5)Results and discussionEffect of applied voltageAn applied voltage is important factor in the plasma process. Which is usually used to ignite and sustain gl ow discharge. Moreover, the degree of plasma reaction depend on the level of applied voltage, for example conversion of reactants and selectivity of products 19, 20. The effect of applied voltage on the reaction was investigated under applied voltage from 4 to 7 kV, total flow rate of 100 ml/min with CHF3 concentration of 5% in the feed gases frequency of 30 kHz. The results was shown as in common fig 3. At applied voltage of 4 kV, the conversion of CHF3 obtained at 0%, however, the conversion of CHF3 was increased sharply from 5 to 7 kV applied voltage in fig 3 (a). The results demonstrated that energy input at applied voltage of 4 kV into discharge zone was not enough for dissociation of gases molecules. It collectible to lack of electron and radical formation for plasma reaction. However, electron and radicals for plasma reaction could be formed when applied voltage above of 4 kV. In addition, bond-dissociation energy of F-CHF2 and H-CF3 were 539.9 and 445.2 kJ/mol-1 at 298 K, respectively 21. Discharge power increased sharply from 8 to 41 W, when applied voltage increased from 5 to 7 kV. It was caused of increase CHF3 conversion in these experiments. Consequently, concentration of CHF3 in the gas outlet was 0.054% at applied voltage of 7 kV as shown in fig 3(b).An applied voltage was also effect on the component of gas outlet. The concentration of CO2 were increased significantly by increasing applied voltage from 5 to 7 kV, while, the concentration of CO were changed slightly during those experiments as shown in fig 3(b). In fact that, more radical and molecules in the discharge zone could be formed under high discharge power such as F, H, CF3, CF2, COF2, COF, CO, CO2, F2 and so on 19. Therefore, conversion of reactants and products formation increased. Moreover, the selectivity of CO2 increased from 40% to 89% when applied voltage from 5 to 6 kV. Consequently, it increased slightly at applied voltage of 7 kV as shown in fig 3 (c). On the contract, the selectivity of CO reduced slightly from 5 to 6 kV and then it decreased gradually at applied voltage of 7 kV. The results cod to increasing radical oxygen formation in the discharge zone when applied voltage increased from 5 to 7 kV. Carbon balance decreased slightly, when applied voltage increased from 6 to 7 kV. It mean that total selectivity of CO and CO2 decreased. In fig 3 (c) shown that decreased selectivity of CO caused of reducing carbon balance. As the results, the maximum conversion of CHF3 obtained at 98.98% under applied voltage of 7 kV, frequency of 30 kHz, total flow rate of 100 ml/min and CHF3 concentration in the feed gases of 5%. Herein, the selectivity of CO2 and CO 91.18% and 3.42% in the product, respectively.Effect of initial CHF3 concentrationConversion of reactants could be improved by reducing initial amount of reactants in the feed. However, it caused of decreasing yield processing. Effect of initial CHF3 concentration on the reactions were investigated und er applied voltage of 7 kV, frequency of 30 kHz and total flow rate of 100 ml/min. The results was shown in fig 4. The conversion of CHF3 decreased slightly from 98.98% to 95.94% when initial CHF3 concentration in the feed increased from 5% to 15%. It was as shown in fig 4 (a). The results demonstrated that conversion rate of CHF3 depended slightly on the diverge of initial CHF3 concentration. It was collectable to increased amount of CHF3 molecules in the discharge zone together with decreasing power discharge when initial CHF3 concentration increased as shown in fig 4 (a). Because of total flow rate constant, if CHF3 molecules increased then Nitrogen and oxygen molecules decreased. Moreover, bond-dissociation energy of O-O was 498.36 kJ/mol-1 at 298K. It is low than bond-dissociation energy of F-CHF2 (539.9 kJ/mol-1) that higher than that of H-CF3 (445.2 kJ/mol-1) at 298 K 21. At initial CHF3 concentration of 15%, the ratio of CHF3/O2 in the feed was 1/1.19. Several reason abov e due to conversion of CHF3 depended slightly in the range of initial CHF3.Initial concentration of CHF3 was effective on the concentration of CO2 in the products. However, it did not significantly on the concentration of CO and CHF3 in the products as shown in fig 4 (b). In the detail, concentration of CO2 increased from 4.79% to 14.20% when initial CHF3 concentration increased from 5% to 15%. On the other hand, concentration of CO were increased from 0.18% to 0.38%, while, increasing CHF3 concentration remain from 0.05% to 0.69%, respectively. In fig 4 (c) presented that the selectivity of CO and CO2 were decreased slightly by increasing initial CHF3 concentration in the feed gases. They caused of decreasing carbon balance during increasing initial CHF3 concentration in the feed. As the results, reactant conversion and products selectivity were depending slightly on the initial CHF3 concentration from 5% to 15% in these experiments.Effect of frequencyFrequency of applied power is important factor along with voltage. Because they effected on the discharge power (equation 1) and applied power waveform. The effect of frequency on the reaction were investigated under condition of 7 kV applied voltage and 100 ml/min total flow rate with 5% CHF3 concentration in the feed. The results was shown in fig 5. It showed that the conversion of CHF3 increased significantly from 10 to 20 kHz then it increased slightly at frequency of 30 kHz. While, discharge power increased gradually when frequency increased from 10 to 30 kHz as shown in fig 5(a). One of reason increased CHF3 conversion was increased discharge power when applied frequency increased from 10 to 30 kHz.Applied frequency also effect on the component of products. It was shown in fig 5 (b). Concentration of CO2 increased significantly from 2.89% to 4.79%, while, concentration of CO decreased from 0.36% to 0.18% when applied frequency increased from 10 to 30 kHz. Although, decreased CO concentration rate is in tw o ways when applied frequency from 10 to 30 kHz but it was small compared with concentration of CO2 in the products. As the same trend of concentration in products, the selectivity of CO2 increased, while, the selectivity of CO decreased when increased applied frequency as shown in fig 5 (c). The results presented that trend of CO2 and CO selectivity were opposed. It was caused of carbon balance did not change significantly from 10 to 20 kHz. However, carbon balance were increased when applied frequency increased from 20 to 30 kHz. It could be explained by that the selectivity of CO2 increased was more than reducing of CO selectivity at frequency of 30 kHz. Therefore, total molecules of CO and CO2 were increased when increased applied frequency from 20 to 30 kHz. In addition, carbon balance depending on total molecules of CO and CO2 (Equation 3). Consequently, increasing of applied frequency was not only increasing CHF3 conversion and CO2 selectivity but also reduced the selectivity of CO.ConclusionDestruction of CHF3 with zero air by a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge immersed in the electrically insulating oil bath was investigated. Several factors were effect on the reaction has been studied such as applied voltage, frequency and initial reactant concentration. The conversion of CHF3 was improved by increasing applied voltage and frequency decreasing initial concentration of CHF3 in the feed gases. One of reason was the factors effect on the discharge power in the plasma reaction. The results demonstrated that the reactor was potential for CHF3 decomposing with initial reactant concentration was from 5% to 15% in the feed gases. More 95% of CHF3 in the feed could be destructed to CO, CO2 and so on, herein, total selectivity of CO and CO2 was more than 85% in the products.AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by the home(a) Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea Government (MEST) (2010-0007450).References1 D. HoughtonJT, N. Grigg sDJ, D. Van der LindenPJ, J. MaskellK, Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2001).2 A. McCulloch, Background_240305. pdf Accessed 15 April 2010 (2005).3 W. Han, E.M. Kennedy, S.K. Kundu, J.C. Mackie, A.A. Adesina, B.Z. Dlugogorski, J. Fluorine Chem. 131 (2010) 751.4 P. Zhang, L. Cao, R. Pan, Z. Jiang, K. Qin, Q. Li, Procedia plan 62 (2013) 337.5 N. Nagasaki, Y. Morikuni, K. Kawada, S. Arai, Catal. Today 88 (2004) 121.6 G. Luo, Y. Luo, J. Qu, New J. Chem. 37 (2013) 3274.7 H. Sekiguchi, T. Honda, A. Kanzawa, Plasma Chem. Plasma Process. 13 (1993) 463.8 A.B. Murphy, T. McAllister, Phys. 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Lide, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 90th Edition Internet Version, 1405-1438, CRC Press/Taylor and Francis Boca Raton, FL, (2010).List of figureFig.1.Schematic diagram of the experimental setupFig. 2. Typical signal of the voltage, current, and discharge power (total flow rate = 100 ml/min CHF3 in feed= 5% of volume applied voltage= 7 kV frequency=30 kHz).F ig. 3. Effect of applied voltage on (a) conversion of CHF3 and discharge power, (b) component of products and (c) carbon balance and selectivity of products (total flow rate = 100 ml/min CHF3 in feed= 5% of volume frequency=30 kHz).Fig. 4. Effect of initial concentration of CHF3 on (a) conversion of CHF3 and discharge power (b) component of products and (c) carbon balance and selectivity of products (total flow rate = 100 ml/min applied voltage = 7 kV frequency=30 kHz).Fig. 5. Effect of frequency on (a) conversion of CHF3 and discharge power (b) component of products and (c) carbon balance and selectivity of products (total flow rate = 100 ml/min CHF3 in feed= 5% of volume applied voltage = 7 kV).Fig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 51